用Scrapy抓取豆瓣电影清单
目标环境：
python 3.6
scrapy 1.5.0
准备：
安装scrapy ，参考：http://blog.****.net/yctjin/article/details/70658811
检查是否安装成功 ，在命令行输入：scrapy -version 
如图所示则安装成功~
开始新建项目
在准备好的文件夹打开命令行，分别输入
scrapy startproject doubanMovie
cd doubanMovie
scrapy genspider doubanMovieSpider movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/guangzhou/
得到结果如下所示：
D:\pythonProject\python\scrapy\test>scrapy startproject doubanMovie
New Scrapy project ‘doubanMovie’, using template directory ‘e:\python\lib\site-packages\scrapy\templates\project’, created in:
D:\pythonProject\python\scrapy\test\doubanMovieYou can start your first spider with:
cd doubanMovie
scrapy genspider example example.comD:\pythonProject\python\scrapy\test>cd doubanMovie
D:\pythonProject\python\scrapy\test\doubanMovie>scrapy genspider doubanMovieSpider movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/guangzhou/
Created spider ‘doubanMovieSpider’ using template ‘basic’ in module:
doubanMovie.spiders.doubanMovieSpider
在文件夹中输入命令 tree/f , 如文件目录如下所示这说明成功：
D:.
│ scrapy.cfg
│
└─doubanMovie
│ items.py
│ middlewares.py
│ pipelines.py
│ settings.py
│ init.py
│
├─spiders
│ │ doubanMovieSpider.py
│ │ init.py
│ │
│ └─pycache
│ init.cpython-36.pyc
│
└─pycache
settings.cpython-36.pyc
init.cpython-36.pyc
目录文件解释：
其中最主要用到的文件有4个：分别是items.py,pipelines.py,settings.py,doubanMovieSpider.py
items.py:
定义爬虫最终需要哪些项，相当于python里的字典
settings.py
配置项目,决定由谁去处理爬取的内容
pipelines.py
当scrapy爬虫抓取到网页数据后，数据如何处理取决于该文件如何设置
doubanMovieSpider.py
决定怎么爬取目标网站
其他文件
.pyc文件后缀的为python程序编译得到的字节码文件，_ init _.py文件将上级目录变成一个模块，middlewares.py 中间件，暂时没有用到。
目标url：
https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/guangzhou/
抓取该网站上的电影名称
爬虫编写
- 由于我们只需要爬取电影名称，故修改items.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class DoubanmovieItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
moiveName = scrapy.Field()
与最初对比只是去掉了pass，增加了moiveName = scrapy.Field() 成员，相当于将类当成字典作用
2 . 定义怎么爬取 doubanMovie.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from doubanMovie.items import DoubanmovieItem
import scrapy
class DoubanspiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'doubanSpider'
allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/guangzhou/']
start_urls = ['http://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/guangzhou//']
def parse(self, response):
subSelector = response.xpath('//li[@class="stitle"]')
items = []
for sub in subSelector:
item = DoubanmovieItem()
item['moiveName'] = sub.xpath('./a/text()').extract()
items.append(item)
return items
在该文件类DoubanSpider中，方法parse中的response参数即为抓取后的结果，我们打开目标url：https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/guangzhou/，按F12 分析可以发现：
通过F12左上角的小箭头点击电影名称，可以找到电影名称对应的节点：
<li class="stitle">
<a href="https://movie.douban.com/subject/26586766/?from=playing_poster" class="ticket-btn" target="_blank" title="勇敢者游戏：决战丛林" data-psource="title">
勇敢者游戏：决...
</a>
</li>发现其在class=’stitle‘的 li标签中 ，故我们可以利用scrapy的xpath嵌套查询，先是查找所有该li标签
subSelector = response.xpath('//li[@class="stitle"]')然后再通过for循环进一步获得所有电影的名称并添加到items中:
items = []
for sub in subSelector:
item = DoubanmovieItem()
item['moiveName'] = sub.xpath('./a/text()').extract()
items.append(item)
return items这里注意返回的是items。items是由DoubanmovieItem()对象组成的列表。
3 . 保存抓取结果 pipelines.py
修改pipelines.py：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import time
class DoubanmoviePipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime())
fileName = 'douban' + now + '.txt'
with open(fileName, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(item['moiveName'][0])
return item
这里的参数item是由之前返回的，故将其写入文件中即可。
- 分配任务的settings.py：
修改settings.py，将下列内容注释取消,这里的意思是告诉scrapy最终结果由pipelines模块的DoubanmoviePipeline类来执行处理，value300的意思是执行顺序，多个处理方式的时候，数字越小的优先执行:
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
‘doubanMovie.pipelines.DoubanmoviePipeline’: 300,}
并且注意添加header头，否则会出现403跳转
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'具体内容如下所示：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for doubanMovie project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'doubanMovie'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['doubanMovie.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'doubanMovie.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'doubanMovie (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'doubanMovie.middlewares.DoubanmovieSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'doubanMovie.middlewares.DoubanmovieDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'doubanMovie.pipelines.DoubanmoviePipeline': 300,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
测试结果
在项目任意目录中打开命令行，输入scrapy crawl doubanSpider 可得结果：
D:\pythonProject\python\scrapy\doubanMovie>scrapy crawl doubanSpider
2018-01-15 12:58:56 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.5.0 started (bot: doubanMovie)
2018-01-15 12:58:56 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.1.1.0, libxml2 2.9.5, cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.3.1, w3lib 1.18.0, Twisted 17.9.0, Python 3.6.0 (v3.6.0:
41df79263a11, Dec 23 2016, 07:18:10) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (Intel)], pyOpenSSL 17.5.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.0g 2 Nov 2017), cryptography 2.1.4, Platform Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1
2018-01-15 12:58:56 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {‘BOT_NAME’: ‘doubanMovie’, ‘NEWSPIDER_MODULE’: ‘doubanMovie.spiders’, ‘ROBOTSTXT_OBEY’: True, ‘SPIDER
_MODULES’: [‘doubanMovie.spiders’], ‘USER_AGENT’: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36’}
2018-01-15 12:58:57 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
[‘scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats’,
‘scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole’,
‘scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats’]
2018-01-15 12:58:58 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
[‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats’]
2018-01-15 12:58:58 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
[‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware’]
2018-01-15 12:58:58 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[‘doubanMovie.pipelines.DoubanmoviePipeline’]
2018-01-15 12:58:58 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2018-01-15 12:58:58 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-01-15 12:58:58 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2018-01-15 12:58:59 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (301) to
若response为200 则为成功，可在目录下找到文件douban+日期.txt 内容为：
勇敢者游戏：决...
前任3：再见前...
无问西东
卧底巨星
星球大战8：最...
太空救援
芳华
迷镇凶案
寻梦环游记
大世界
妖猫传
二代妖精之今生...
妖铃铃
时空终点
解忧杂货店
帕丁顿熊2
心理罪之城市之...
尼斯·疯狂的心...
机器之血
至爱梵高·星空...
至暗时刻
小猫巴克里
天籁梦想
我的影子在奔跑...
一个人的课堂
芒刺
英雄本色201...
奇迹男孩
第一夫人
神秘巨星
公牛历险记
谜巢
梭哈人生
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