理解TCP/IP协议中的端口号
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2024-02-01 11:28:52
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http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
PORT NUMBERS
(last updated 2009-10-28)
The port numbers are divided into three ranges: the Well Known Ports,
the Registered Ports, and the Dynamic and/or Private Ports.
The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
DCCP Well Known ports SHOULD NOT be used without IANA registration.
The registration procedure is defined in [RFC4340], Section 19.9.
The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
DCCP Registered ports SHOULD NOT be used without IANA registration.
The registration procedure is defined in [RFC4340], Section 19.9.
The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
A value of 0 in the port numbers registry below indicates that no port
has been allocated.
************************************************************************
* PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING: *
* *
* IESG STATEMENT TO THE IANA *
* THE IESG BELIEVES THAT IANA MAY ALLOCATE AN ADDITIONAL PORT IN *
* THE 'USER PORT' RANGE TO PROTOCOLS WHOSE CURRENT PORT ALLOCATION *
* REQUIRES ACCESS TO A PRIVILEGED PORT. THIS ALLOCATION SHOULD NOT *
* BE AUTOMATIC, BUT MAY OCCUR UPON APPLICATION BY AN INTERESTED *
* PARTY WHOSE APPLICATION WOULD OTHERWISE FIT IANA'S POLICIES. *
* *
* 1. UNASSIGNED PORT NUMBERS SHOULD NOT BE USED. THE IANA WILL ASSIGN *
* THE NUMBER FOR THE PORT AFTER YOUR APPLICATION HAS BEEN APPROVED. *
* *
* 2. ASSIGNMENT OF A PORT NUMBER DOES NOT IN ANY WAY IMPLY AN *
* ENDORSEMENT OF AN APPLICATION OR PRODUCT, AND THE FACT THAT NETWORK *
* TRAFFIC IS FLOWING TO OR FROM A REGISTERED PORT DOES NOT MEAN THAT *
* IT IS "GOOD" TRAFFIC. FIREWALL AND SYSTEM ADMINISTRATORS SHOULD *
* CHOOSE HOW TO CONFIGURE THEIR SYSTEMS BASED ON THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF *
* THE TRAFFIC IN QUESTION, NOT WHETHER THERE IS A PORT NUMBER *
* REGISTERED OR NOT. *
************************************************************************
WELL KNOWN PORT NUMBERS
The Well Known Ports are assigned by the IANA and on most systems can
only be used by system (or root) processes or by programs executed by
privileged users.
Ports are used in the TCP [RFC793] to name the ends of logical
connections which carry long term conversations. For the purpose of
providing services to unknown callers, a service contact port is
defined. This list specifies the port used by the server process as
its contact port. The contact port is sometimes called the
"well-known port".
To the extent possible, these same port assignments are used with the
UDP [RFC768].
The range for assigned ports managed by the IANA is 0-1023.
Port Assignments:
Keyword Decimal Description References
------- ------- ----------- ----------
0/tcp Reserved
0/udp Reserved
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
spr-itunes 0/tcp Shirt Pocket netTunes
spl-itunes 0/tcp Shirt Pocket launchTunes
# David Nanian <dnanian&shirt-pocket.com> 28 September 2007
tcpmux 1/tcp TCP Port Service Multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp TCP Port Service Multiplexer
# Mark Lottor <MKL&nisc.sri.com>
compressnet 2/tcp Management Utility
compressnet 2/udp Management Utility
compressnet 3/tcp Compression Process
compressnet 3/udp Compression Process
# Bernie Volz <volz&cisco.com>
# 4/tcp Unassigned
# 4/udp Unassigned
rje 5/tcp Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp Remote Job Entry
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
# 6/tcp Unassigned
# 6/udp Unassigned
echo 7/tcp Echo
echo 7/udp Echo
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
# 8/tcp Unassigned
# 8/udp Unassigned
discard 9/tcp Discard
discard 9/udp Discard
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
discard 9/sctp Discard
# IETF TSVWG
# Randall Stewart <rrs&cisco.com>
# [RFC4960]
discard 9/dccp Discard SC:DISC
# IETF dccp WG, Eddie Kohler <kohler&cs.ucla.edu>, [RFC4340]
# 10/tcp Unassigned
# 10/udp Unassigned
systat 11/tcp Active Users
systat 11/udp Active Users
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
# 12/tcp Unassigned
# 12/udp Unassigned
daytime 13/tcp Daytime (RFC 867)
daytime 13/udp Daytime (RFC 867)
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
# 14/tcp Unassigned
# 14/udp Unassigned
# 15/tcp Unassigned [was netstat]
# 15/udp Unassigned
# 16/tcp Unassigned
# 16/udp Unassigned
qotd 17/tcp Quote of the Day
qotd 17/udp Quote of the Day
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
msp 18/tcp Message Send Protocol
msp 18/udp Message Send Protocol
# Rina Nethaniel <---none--->
chargen 19/tcp Character Generator
chargen 19/udp Character Generator
ftp-data 20/tcp File Transfer [Default Data]
ftp-data 20/udp File Transfer [Default Data]
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
ftp-data 20/sctp FTP
# IETF TSVWG
# Randall Stewart <rrs&cisco.com>
# [RFC4960]
ftp 21/tcp File Transfer [Control]
ftp 21/udp File Transfer [Control]
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
ftp 21/sctp FTP
# IETF TSVWG
# Randall Stewart <rrs&cisco.com>
# [RFC4960]
ssh 22/tcp The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
# [RFC4251]
ssh 22/sctp SSH
# IETF TSVWG
# Randall Stewart <rrs&cisco.com>
# [RFC4960]
telnet 23/tcp Telnet
telnet 23/udp Telnet
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
24/tcp any private mail system
24/udp any private mail system
# Rick Adams <rick&UUNET.UU.NET>
smtp 25/tcp Simple Mail Transfer
smtp 25/udp Simple Mail Transfer
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
# 26/tcp Unassigned
# 26/udp Unassigned
nsw-fe 27/tcp NSW User System FE
nsw-fe 27/udp NSW User System FE
# Robert Thomas <BThomas&F.BBN.COM>
# 28/tcp Unassigned
# 28/udp Unassigned
msg-icp 29/tcp MSG ICP
msg-icp 29/udp MSG ICP
# Robert Thomas <BThomas&F.BBN.COM>
# 30/tcp Unassigned
# 30/udp Unassigned
msg-auth 31/tcp MSG Authentication
msg-auth 31/udp MSG Authentication
# Robert Thomas <BThomas&F.BBN.COM>
# 32/tcp Unassigned
# 32/udp Unassigned
dsp 33/tcp Display Support Protocol
dsp 33/udp Display Support Protocol
# Ed Cain <cain&edn-unix.dca.mil>
# 34/tcp Unassigned
# 34/udp Unassigned
35/tcp any private printer server
35/udp any private printer server
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
# 36/tcp Unassigned
# 36/udp Unassigned
time 37/tcp Time
time 37/udp Time
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
rap 38/tcp Route Access Protocol
rap 38/udp Route Access Protocol
# Robert Ullmann <ariel&world.std.com>
rlp 39/tcp Resource Location Protocol
rlp 39/udp Resource Location Protocol
# Mike Accetta <MIKE.ACCETTA&CMU-CS-A.EDU>
# 40/tcp Unassigned
# 40/udp Unassigned
graphics 41/tcp Graphics
graphics 41/udp Graphics
name 42/tcp Host Name Server
name 42/udp Host Name Server
nameserver 42/tcp Host Name Server
nameserver 42/udp Host Name Server
nicname 43/tcp Who Is
nicname 43/udp Who Is
mpm-flags 44/tcp MPM FLAGS Protocol
mpm-flags 44/udp MPM FLAGS Protocol
mpm 45/tcp Message Processing Module [recv]
mpm 45/udp Message Processing Module [recv]
mpm-snd 46/tcp MPM [default send]
mpm-snd 46/udp MPM [default send]
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
ni-ftp 47/tcp NI FTP
ni-ftp 47/udp NI FTP
# Steve Kille <S.Kille&isode.com>
auditd 48/tcp Digital Audit Daemon
auditd 48/udp Digital Audit Daemon
# Larry Scott <scott&zk3.dec.com>
tacacs 49/tcp Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
tacacs 49/udp Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
# Pieter Ditmars <pditmars&BBN.COM>
re-mail-ck 50/tcp Remote Mail Checking Protocol
re-mail-ck 50/udp Remote Mail Checking Protocol
# Steve Dorner <s-dorner&UIUC.EDU>
la-maint 51/tcp IMP Logical Address Maintenance
la-maint 51/udp IMP Logical Address Maintenance
# Andy Malis <malis_a&timeplex.com>
xns-time 52/tcp XNS Time Protocol
xns-time 52/udp XNS Time Protocol
# Susie Armstrong <Armstrong.wbst128@XEROX>
domain 53/tcp Domain Name Server
domain 53/udp Domain Name Server
# Paul Mockapetris <PVM&ISI.EDU>
xns-ch 54/tcp XNS Clearinghouse
xns-ch 54/udp XNS Clearinghouse
# Susie Armstrong <Armstrong.wbst128@XEROX>
isi-gl 55/tcp ISI Graphics Language
isi-gl 55/udp ISI Graphics Language
xns-auth 56/tcp XNS Authentication
xns-auth 56/udp XNS Authentication
# Susie Armstrong <Armstrong.wbst128@XEROX>
57/tcp any private terminal access
57/udp any private terminal access
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
xns-mail 58/tcp XNS Mail
xns-mail 58/udp XNS Mail
# Susie Armstrong <Armstrong.wbst128@XEROX>
59/tcp any private file service
59/udp any private file service
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
60/tcp Unassigned
60/udp Unassigned
ni-mail 61/tcp NI MAIL
ni-mail 61/udp NI MAIL
# Steve Kille <S.Kille&isode.com>
acas 62/tcp ACA Services
acas 62/udp ACA Services
# E. Wald <ewald&via.enet.dec.com>
whois++ 63/tcp whois++
whois++ 63/udp whois++
# Rickard Schoultz <schoultz&sunet.se>
covia 64/tcp Communications Integrator (CI)
covia 64/udp Communications Integrator (CI)
# Dan Smith <dan.smith&den.galileo.com>
tacacs-ds 65/tcp TACACS-Database Service
tacacs-ds 65/udp TACACS-Database Service
# Kathy Huber <khuber&bbn.com>
sql*net 66/tcp Oracle SQL*NET
sql*net 66/udp Oracle SQL*NET
# Jack Haverty <jhaverty&ORACLE.COM>
bootps 67/tcp Bootstrap Protocol Server
bootps 67/udp Bootstrap Protocol Server
bootpc 68/tcp Bootstrap Protocol Client
bootpc 68/udp Bootstrap Protocol Client
# Bill Croft <Croft&SUMEX-AIM.STANFORD.EDU>
tftp 69/tcp Trivial File Transfer
tftp 69/udp Trivial File Transfer
# David Clark <ddc&LCS.MIT.EDU>
gopher 70/tcp Gopher
gopher 70/udp Gopher
# Mark McCahill <mpm&boombox.micro.umn.edu>
netrjs-1 71/tcp Remote Job Service
netrjs-1 71/udp Remote Job Service
netrjs-2 72/tcp Remote Job Service
netrjs-2 72/udp Remote Job Service
netrjs-3 73/tcp Remote Job Service
netrjs-3 73/udp Remote Job Service
netrjs-4 74/tcp Remote Job Service
netrjs-4 74/udp Remote Job Service
# Bob Braden <Braden&ISI.EDU>
75/tcp any private dial out service
75/udp any private dial out service
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
deos 76/tcp Distributed External Object Store
deos 76/udp Distributed External Object Store
# Robert Ullmann <ariel&world.std.com>
77/tcp any private RJE service
77/udp any private RJE service
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
vettcp 78/tcp vettcp
vettcp 78/udp vettcp
# Christopher Leong <leong&kolmod.mlo.dec.com>
finger 79/tcp Finger
finger 79/udp Finger
# David Zimmerman <dpz&RUTGERS.EDU>
# Unauthorized use by some mail users (see [RFC4146] for details)
http 80/tcp World Wide Web HTTP
http 80/udp World Wide Web HTTP
www 80/tcp World Wide Web HTTP
www 80/udp World Wide Web HTTP
www-http 80/tcp World Wide Web HTTP
www-http 80/udp World Wide Web HTTP
# Tim Berners-Lee <timbl&W3.org>
http 80/sctp HTTP
# IETF TSVWG
# Randall Stewart <rrs&cisco.com>
# [RFC4960]
# 81 Unassigned (Removed on 2007-09-06)
xfer 82/tcp XFER Utility
xfer 82/udp XFER Utility
# Thomas M. Smith <Thomas.M.Smith&lmco.com>
mit-ml-dev 83/tcp MIT ML Device
mit-ml-dev 83/udp MIT ML Device
# David Reed <--none--->
ctf 84/tcp Common Trace Facility
ctf 84/udp Common Trace Facility
# Hugh Thomas <thomas&oils.enet.dec.com>
mit-ml-dev 85/tcp MIT ML Device
mit-ml-dev 85/udp MIT ML Device
# David Reed <--none--->
mfcobol 86/tcp Micro Focus Cobol
mfcobol 86/udp Micro Focus Cobol
# Simon Edwards <--none--->
87/tcp any private terminal link
87/udp any private terminal link
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
kerberos 88/tcp Kerberos
kerberos 88/udp Kerberos
# B. Clifford Neuman <bcn&isi.edu>
su-mit-tg 89/tcp SU/MIT Telnet Gateway
su-mit-tg 89/udp SU/MIT Telnet Gateway
# Mark Crispin <MRC&PANDA.COM>
########### PORT 90 also being used unofficially by Pointcast #########
dnsix 90/tcp DNSIX Securit Attribute Token Map
dnsix 90/udp DNSIX Securit Attribute Token Map
# Charles Watt <watt&sware.com>
mit-dov 91/tcp MIT Dover Spooler
mit-dov 91/udp MIT Dover Spooler
# Eliot Moss <EBM&XX.LCS.MIT.EDU>
npp 92/tcp Network Printing Protocol
npp 92/udp Network Printing Protocol
# Louis Mamakos <louie&sayshell.umd.edu>
dcp 93/tcp Device Control Protocol
dcp 93/udp Device Control Protocol
# Daniel Tappan <Tappan&BBN.COM>
objcall 94/tcp Tivoli Object Dispatcher
objcall 94/udp Tivoli Object Dispatcher
# Tom Bereiter <--none--->
supdup 95/tcp SUPDUP
supdup 95/udp SUPDUP
# Mark Crispin <MRC&PANDA.COM>
dixie 96/tcp DIXIE Protocol Specification
dixie 96/udp DIXIE Protocol Specification
# Tim Howes <Tim.Howes&terminator.cc.umich.edu>
swift-rvf 97/tcp Swift Remote Virtural File Protocol
swift-rvf 97/udp Swift Remote Virtural File Protocol
# Maurice R. Turcotte
# <mailrus!uflorida!rm1!dnmrt%rmatl&uunet.UU.NET>
tacnews 98/tcp TAC News
tacnews 98/udp TAC News
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
metagram 99/tcp Metagram Relay
metagram 99/udp Metagram Relay
# Geoff Goodfellow <Geoff&FERNWOOD.MPK.CA.US>
newacct 100/tcp [unauthorized use]
hostname 101/tcp NIC Host Name Server
hostname 101/udp NIC Host Name Server
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
iso-tsap 102/tcp ISO-TSAP Class 0
iso-tsap 102/udp ISO-TSAP Class 0
# Marshall Rose <mrose&dbc.mtview.ca.us>
gppitnp 103/tcp Genesis Point-to-Point Trans Net
gppitnp 103/udp Genesis Point-to-Point Trans Net
acr-nema 104/tcp ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
acr-nema 104/udp ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
# Patrick McNamee <--none--->
cso 105/tcp CCSO name server protocol
cso 105/udp CCSO name server protocol
# Martin Hamilton <martin&mrrl.lut.as.uk>
csnet-ns 105/tcp Mailbox Name Nameserver
csnet-ns 105/udp Mailbox Name Nameserver
# Marvin Solomon <solomon&CS.WISC.EDU>
3com-tsmux 106/tcp 3COM-TSMUX
3com-tsmux 106/udp 3COM-TSMUX
# Jeremy Siegel <jzs&NSD.3Com.COM>
########## 106 Unauthorized use by insecure poppassd protocol
rtelnet 107/tcp Remote Telnet Service
rtelnet 107/udp Remote Telnet Service
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
snagas 108/tcp SNA Gateway Access Server
snagas 108/udp SNA Gateway Access Server
# Kevin Murphy <murphy&sevens.lkg.dec.com>
pop2 109/tcp Post Office Protocol - Version 2
pop2 109/udp Post Office Protocol - Version 2
# Joyce K. Reynolds <jkrey&isi.edu>
pop3 110/tcp Post Office Protocol - Version 3
pop3 110/udp Post Office Protocol - Version 3
# Marshall Rose <mrose&dbc.mtview.ca.us>
sunrpc 111/tcp SUN Remote Procedure Call
sunrpc 111/udp SUN Remote Procedure Call
# Chuck McManis <cmcmanis&freegate.net>
mcidas 112/tcp McIDAS Data Transmission Protocol
mcidas 112/udp McIDAS Data Transmission Protocol
# Glenn Davis <support&unidata.ucar.edu>
ident 113/tcp
auth 113/tcp Authentication Service
auth 113/udp Authentication Service
# Mike St. Johns <stjohns&arpa.mil>
# 114 Deprecated June 2004
sftp 115/tcp Simple File Transfer Protocol
sftp 115/udp Simple File Transfer Protocol
# Mark Lottor <MKL&nisc.sri.com>
ansanotify 116/tcp ANSA REX Notify
ansanotify 116/udp ANSA REX Notify
# Nicola J. Howarth <njh&ansa.co.uk>
uucp-path 117/tcp UUCP Path Service
uucp-path 117/udp UUCP Path Service
sqlserv 118/tcp SQL Services
sqlserv 118/udp SQL Services
# Larry Barnes <barnes&broke.enet.dec.com>
nntp 119/tcp Network News Transfer Protocol
nntp 119/udp Network News Transfer Protocol
# Phil Lapsley <phil&UCBARPA.BERKELEY.EDU>
cfdptkt 120/tcp CFDPTKT
cfdptkt 120/udp CFDPTKT
# John Ioannidis <ji&close.cs.columbia.ed>
erpc 121/tcp Encore Expedited Remote Pro.Call
erpc 121/udp Encore Expedited Remote Pro.Call
# Jack O'Neil <---none--->
smakynet 122/tcp SMAKYNET
smakynet 122/udp SMAKYNET
# Pierre Arnaud <pierre.arnaud&iname.com>
ntp 123/tcp Network Time Protocol
ntp 123/udp Network Time Protocol
# Dave Mills <Mills&HUEY.UDEL.EDU>
ansatrader 124/tcp ANSA REX Trader
ansatrader 124/udp ANSA REX Trader
# Nicola J. Howarth <njh&ansa.co.uk>
locus-map 125/tcp Locus PC-Interface Net Map Ser
locus-map 125/udp Locus PC-Interface Net Map Ser
# Eric Peterson <lcc.eric&SEAS.UCLA.EDU>
nxedit 126/tcp NXEdit
nxedit 126/udp NXEdit
# Don Payette <Don.Payette&unisys.com>
###########Port 126 Previously assigned to application below#######
#unitary 126/tcp Unisys Unitary Login
#unitary 126/udp Unisys Unitary Login
# <feil&kronos.nisd.cam.unisys.com>
###########Port 126 Previously assigned to application above#######
locus-con 127/tcp Locus PC-Interface Conn Server
locus-con 127/udp Locus PC-Interface Conn Server
# Eric Peterson <lcc.eric&SEAS.UCLA.EDU>
gss-xlicen 128/tcp GSS X License Verification
gss-xlicen 128/udp GSS X License Verification
# John Light <johnl&gssc.gss.com>
pwdgen 129/tcp Password Generator Protocol
pwdgen 129/udp Password Generator Protocol
# Frank J. Wacho <WANCHO&WSMR-SIMTEL20.ARMY.MIL>
cisco-fna 130/tcp cisco FNATIVE
cisco-fna 130/udp cisco FNATIVE
cisco-tna 131/tcp cisco TNATIVE
cisco-tna 131/udp cisco TNATIVE
cisco-sys 132/tcp cisco SYSMAINT
cisco-sys 132/udp cisco SYSMAINT
statsrv 133/tcp Statistics Service
statsrv 133/udp Statistics Service
# Dave Mills <Mills&HUEY.UDEL.EDU>
ingres-net 134/tcp INGRES-NET Service
ingres-net 134/udp INGRES-NET Service
# Mike Berrow <---none--->
epmap 135/tcp DCE endpoint resolution
epmap 135/udp DCE endpoint resolution
# Joe Pato <pato&apollo.hp.com>
profile 136/tcp PROFILE Naming System
profile 136/udp PROFILE Naming System
# Larry Peterson <llp&ARIZONA.EDU>
netbios-ns 137/tcp NETBIOS Name Service
netbios-ns 137/udp NETBIOS Name Service
netbios-dgm 138/tcp NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-dgm 138/udp NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-ssn 139/tcp NETBIOS Session Service
netbios-ssn 139/udp NETBIOS Session Service
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
emfis-data 140/tcp EMFIS Data Service
emfis-data 140/udp EMFIS Data Service
emfis-cntl 141/tcp EMFIS Control Service
emfis-cntl 141/udp EMFIS Control Service
# Gerd Beling <GBELING&ISI.EDU>
bl-idm 142/tcp Britton-Lee IDM
bl-idm 142/udp Britton-Lee IDM
# Susie Snitzer <---none--->
imap 143/tcp Internet Message Access Protocol
imap 143/udp Internet Message Access Protocol
# Mark Crispin <MRC&CAC.Washington.EDU>
uma 144/tcp Universal Management Architecture
uma 144/udp Universal Management Architecture
# Jay Whitney <jw&powercenter.com>
uaac 145/tcp UAAC Protocol
uaac 145/udp UAAC Protocol
# David A. Gomberg <gomberg&GATEWAY.MITRE.ORG>
iso-tp0 146/tcp ISO-IP0
iso-tp0 146/udp ISO-IP0
iso-ip 147/tcp ISO-IP
iso-ip 147/udp ISO-IP
# Marshall Rose <mrose&dbc.mtview.ca.us>
jargon 148/tcp Jargon
jargon 148/udp Jargon
# Bill Weinman <wew&bearnet.com>
aed-512 149/tcp AED 512 Emulation Service
aed-512 149/udp AED 512 Emulation Service
# Albert G. Broscius <broscius&DSL.CIS.UPENN.EDU>
sql-net 150/tcp SQL-NET
sql-net 150/udp SQL-NET
# Martin Picard <<---none--->
hems 151/tcp HEMS
hems 151/udp HEMS
bftp 152/tcp Background File Transfer Program
bftp 152/udp Background File Transfer Program
# Annette DeSchon <DESCHON&ISI.EDU>
sgmp 153/tcp SGMP
sgmp 153/udp SGMP
# Marty Schoffstahl <schoff&NISC.NYSER.NET>
netsc-prod 154/tcp NETSC
netsc-prod 154/udp NETSC
netsc-dev 155/tcp NETSC
netsc-dev 155/udp NETSC
# Sergio Heker <heker&JVNCC.CSC.ORG>
sqlsrv 156/tcp SQL Service
sqlsrv 156/udp SQL Service
# Craig Rogers <Rogers&ISI.EDU>
knet-cmp 157/tcp KNET/VM Command/Message Protocol
knet-cmp 157/udp KNET/VM Command/Message Protocol
# Gary S. Malkin <GMALKIN&XYLOGICS.COM>
pcmail-srv 158/tcp PCMail Server
pcmail-srv 158/udp PCMail Server
# Mark L. Lambert <markl&PTT.LCS.MIT.EDU>
nss-routing 159/tcp NSS-Routing
nss-routing 159/udp NSS-Routing
# Yakov Rekhter <Yakov&IBM.COM>
sgmp-traps 160/tcp SGMP-TRAPS
sgmp-traps 160/udp SGMP-TRAPS
# Marty Schoffstahl <schoff&NISC.NYSER.NET>
snmp 161/tcp SNMP
snmp 161/udp SNMP
snmptrap 162/tcp SNMPTRAP
snmptrap 162/udp SNMPTRAP
# Marshall Rose <mrose&dbc.mtview.ca.us>
cmip-man 163/tcp CMIP/TCP Manager
cmip-man 163/udp CMIP/TCP Manager
cmip-agent 164/tcp CMIP/TCP Agent
cmip-agent 164/udp CMIP/TCP Agent
# Amatzia Ben-Artzi <---none--->
xns-courier 165/tcp Xerox
xns-courier 165/udp Xerox
# Susie Armstrong <Armstrong.wbst128&XEROX.COM>
s-net 166/tcp Sirius Systems
s-net 166/udp Sirius Systems
# Brian Lloyd <brian&lloyd.com>
namp 167/tcp NAMP
namp 167/udp NAMP
# Marty Schoffstahl <schoff&NISC.NYSER.NET>
rsvd 168/tcp RSVD
rsvd 168/udp RSVD
# Previous contact: Neil Todd <mcvax!ist.co.uk!neil&UUNET.UU.NET>
# Current contact: Alan Sandell <alan.sandell&ist.co.uk> 01 May 2008
send 169/tcp SEND
send 169/udp SEND
# William D. Wisner <wisner&HAYES.FAI.ALASKA.EDU>
print-srv 170/tcp Network PostScript
print-srv 170/udp Network PostScript
# Brian Reid <reid&DECWRL.DEC.COM>
multiplex 171/tcp Network Innovations Multiplex
multiplex 171/udp Network Innovations Multiplex
cl/1 172/tcp Network Innovations CL/1
cl/1 172/udp Network Innovations CL/1
# Kevin DeVault <<---none--->
xyplex-mux 173/tcp Xyplex
xyplex-mux 173/udp Xyplex
# Bob Stewart <STEWART&XYPLEX.COM>
mailq 174/tcp MAILQ
mailq 174/udp MAILQ
# Rayan Zachariassen <rayan&AI.TORONTO.EDU>
vmnet 175/tcp VMNET
vmnet 175/udp VMNET
# Christopher Tengi <tengi&Princeton.EDU>
genrad-mux 176/tcp GENRAD-MUX
genrad-mux 176/udp GENRAD-MUX
# Ron Thornton <thornton&qm7501.genrad.com>
xdmcp 177/tcp X Display Manager Control Protocol
xdmcp 177/udp X Display Manager Control Protocol
# Robert W. Scheifler <RWS&XX.LCS.MIT.EDU>
nextstep 178/tcp NextStep Window Server
nextstep 178/udp NextStep Window Server
# Leo Hourvitz <leo&NEXT.COM>
bgp 179/tcp Border Gateway Protocol
bgp 179/udp Border Gateway Protocol
# Kirk Lougheed <LOUGHEED&MATHOM.CISCO.COM>
bgp 179/sctp BGP
# IETF TSVWG
# Randall Stewart <rrs&cisco.com>
# [RFC4960]
ris 180/tcp Intergraph
ris 180/udp Intergraph
# Dave Buehmann <ingr!daveb&UUNET.UU.NET>
unify 181/tcp Unify
unify 181/udp Unify
# Mark Ainsley <ianaportmaster&unify.com>
audit 182/tcp Unisys Audit SITP
audit 182/udp Unisys Audit SITP
# Gil Greenbaum <gcole&nisd.cam.unisys.com>
ocbinder 183/tcp OCBinder
ocbinder 183/udp OCBinder
ocserver 184/tcp OCServer
ocserver 184/udp OCServer
# Jerrilynn Okamura <--none--->
remote-kis 185/tcp Remote-KIS
remote-kis 185/udp Remote-KIS
kis 186/tcp KIS Protocol
kis 186/udp KIS Protocol
# Ralph Droms <rdroms&NRI.RESTON.VA.US>
aci 187/tcp Application Communication Interface
aci 187/udp Application Communication Interface
# Rick Carlos <rick.ticipa.csc.ti.com>
mumps 188/tcp Plus Five's MUMPS
mumps 188/udp Plus Five's MUMPS
# Hokey Stenn <hokey&PLUS5.COM>
qft 189/tcp Queued File Transport
qft 189/udp Queued File Transport
# Wayne Schroeder <schroeder&SDS.SDSC.EDU>
gacp 190/tcp Gateway Access Control Protocol
gacp 190/udp Gateway Access Control Protocol
# C. Philip Wood <cpw&LANL.GOV>
prospero 191/tcp Prospero Directory Service
prospero 191/udp Prospero Directory Service
# B. Clifford Neuman <bcn&isi.edu>
osu-nms 192/tcp OSU Network Monitoring System
osu-nms 192/udp OSU Network Monitoring System
# Doug Karl <KARL-D&OSU-20.IRCC.OHIO-STATE.EDU>
srmp 193/tcp Spider Remote Monitoring Protocol
srmp 193/udp Spider Remote Monitoring Protocol
# Ted J. Socolofsky <Teds&SPIDER.CO.UK>
irc 194/tcp Internet Relay Chat Protocol
irc 194/udp Internet Relay Chat Protocol
# Jarkko Oikarinen <jto&TOLSUN.OULU.FI>
dn6-nlm-aud 195/tcp DNSIX Network Level Module Audit
dn6-nlm-aud 195/udp DNSIX Network Level Module Audit
dn6-smm-red 196/tcp DNSIX Session Mgt Module Audit Redir
dn6-smm-red 196/udp DNSIX Session Mgt Module Audit Redir
# Lawrence Lebahn <DIA3&PAXRV-NES.NAVY.MIL>
dls 197/tcp Directory Location Service
dls 197/udp Directory Location Service
dls-mon 198/tcp Directory Location Service Monitor
dls-mon 198/udp Directory Location Service Monitor
# Scott Bellew <smb&cs.purdue.edu>
smux 199/tcp SMUX
smux 199/udp SMUX
# Marshall Rose <mrose&dbc.mtview.ca.us>
src 200/tcp IBM System Resource Controller
src 200/udp IBM System Resource Controller
# Gerald McBrearty <---none--->
at-rtmp 201/tcp AppleTalk Routing Maintenance
at-rtmp 201/udp AppleTalk Routing Maintenance
at-nbp 202/tcp AppleTalk Name Binding
at-nbp 202/udp AppleTalk Name Binding
at-3 203/tcp AppleTalk Unused
at-3 203/udp AppleTalk Unused
at-echo 204/tcp AppleTalk Echo
at-echo 204/udp AppleTalk Echo
at-5 205/tcp AppleTalk Unused
at-5 205/udp AppleTalk Unused
at-zis 206/tcp AppleTalk Zone Information
at-zis 206/udp AppleTalk Zone Information
at-7 207/tcp AppleTalk Unused
at-7 207/udp AppleTalk Unused
at-8 208/tcp AppleTalk Unused
at-8 208/udp AppleTalk Unused
# Rob Chandhok <chandhok&gnome.cs.cmu.edu>
qmtp 209/tcp The Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
qmtp 209/udp The Quick Mail Transfer Protocol
# Dan Bernstein <djb&silverton.berkeley.edu>
z39.50 210/tcp ANSI Z39.50
z39.50 210/udp ANSI Z39.50
# Mark H. Needleman <markn&sirsi.com>
914c/g 211/tcp Texas Instruments 914C/G Terminal
914c/g 211/udp Texas Instruments 914C/G Terminal
# Bill Harrell <---none--->
anet 212/tcp ATEXSSTR
anet 212/udp ATEXSSTR
# Jim Taylor <taylor&heart.epps.kodak.com>
ipx 213/tcp IPX
ipx 213/udp IPX
# Don Provan <donp&xlnvax.novell.com>
vmpwscs 214/tcp VM PWSCS
vmpwscs 214/udp VM PWSCS
# Dan Shia <dset!shia&uunet.UU.NET>
softpc 215/tcp Insignia Solutions
softpc 215/udp Insignia Solutions
# Martyn Thomas <---none--->
CAIlic 216/tcp Computer Associates Int'l License Server
CAIlic 216/udp Computer Associates Int'l License Server
# Chuck Spitz <spich04&cai.com>
dbase 217/tcp dBASE Unix
dbase 217/udp dBASE Unix
# Don Gibson
# <sequent!aero!twinsun!ashtate.A-T.COM!dong&uunet.UU.NET>
mpp 218/tcp Netix Message Posting Protocol
mpp 218/udp Netix Message Posting Protocol
# Shannon Yeh <yeh&netix.com>
uarps 219/tcp Unisys ARPs
uarps 219/udp Unisys ARPs
# Ashok Marwaha <---none--->
imap3 220/tcp Interactive Mail Access Protocol v3
imap3 220/udp Interactive Mail Access Protocol v3
# James Rice <RICE&SUMEX-AIM.STANFORD.EDU>
fln-spx 221/tcp Berkeley rlogind with SPX auth
fln-spx 221/udp Berkeley rlogind with SPX auth
rsh-spx 222/tcp Berkeley rshd with SPX auth
rsh-spx 222/udp Berkeley rshd with SPX auth
cdc 223/tcp Certificate Distribution Center
cdc 223/udp Certificate Distribution Center
# Kannan Alagappan <kannan&sejour.enet.dec.com>
########### Possible Conflict of Port 222 with "Masqdialer"##############
### Contact for Masqdialer is Charles Wright <cpwright&villagenet.com>###
masqdialer 224/tcp masqdialer
masqdialer 224/udp masqdialer
# Charles Wright <cpwright&villagenet.com>
# 225-241 Reserved
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
direct 242/tcp Direct
direct 242/udp Direct
# Herb Sutter <HerbS&cntc.com>
sur-meas 243/tcp Survey Measurement
sur-meas 243/udp Survey Measurement
# Dave Clark <ddc&LCS.MIT.EDU>
inbusiness 244/tcp inbusiness
inbusiness 244/udp inbusiness
# Derrick Hisatake <derrick.i.hisatake&intel.com>
link 245/tcp LINK
link 245/udp LINK
dsp3270 246/tcp Display Systems Protocol
dsp3270 246/udp Display Systems Protocol
# Weldon J. Showalter <Gamma&MINTAKA.DCA.MIL>
subntbcst_tftp 247/tcp SUBNTBCST_TFTP
subntbcst_tftp 247/udp SUBNTBCST_TFTP
# John Fake <fake&us.ibm.com>
bhfhs 248/tcp bhfhs
bhfhs 248/udp bhfhs
# John Kelly <johnk&bellhow.com>
# 249-255 Reserved
# Jon Postel <postel&isi.edu>
rap 256/tcp RAP
rap 256/udp RAP
# J.S. Greenfield <greeny&raleigh.ibm.com>
set 257/tcp Secure Electronic Transaction
set 257/udp Secure Electronic Transaction
# Donald Eastlake <dee3&torque.pothole.com>
# 258 Unassigned (Removed 2006-09-13)
esro-gen 259/tcp Efficient Short Remote Operations
esro-gen 259/udp Efficient Short Remote Operations
# Mohsen Banan <mohsen&rostam.neda.com>
openport 260/tcp Openport
openport 260/udp Openport
# John Marland <jmarland&dean.openport.com>
nsiiops 261/tcp IIOP Name Service over TLS/SSL
nsiiops 261/udp IIOP Name Service over TLS/SSL
# Jeff Stewart <jstewart&netscape.com>
arcisdms 262/tcp Arcisdms
arcisdms 262/udp Arcisdms
# Russell Crook (rmc&sni.ca>
hdap 263/tcp HDAP
hdap 263/udp HDAP
# Troy Gau <troy&zyxel.com>
bgmp 264/tcp BGMP
bgmp 264/udp BGMP
# Dave Thaler <thalerd&eecs.umich.edu>
x-bone-ctl 265/tcp X-Bone CTL
x-bone-ctl 265/udp X-Bone CTL
# Joe Touch <touch&isi.edu>
sst 266/tcp SCSI on ST
sst 266/udp SCSI on ST
# Donald D. Woelz <don&genroco.com>
td-service 267/tcp Tobit David Service Layer
td-service 267/udp Tobit David Service Layer
td-replica 268/tcp Tobit David Replica
td-replica 268/udp Tobit David Replica
# Franz-Josef Leuders <development&tobit.com>
manet 269/tcp MANET Protocols
manet 269/udp MANET Protocols
# [RFC5498]
# 270/tcp Reserved
gist 270/udp Q-mode encapsulation for GIST messages
# [RFC-ietf-nsis-ntlp-20.txt]
# 271-279 Unassigned
http-mgmt 280/tcp http-mgmt
http-mgmt 280/udp http-mgmt
# Adrian Pell
# <PELL_ADRIAN/HP-UnitedKingdom_om6&hplb.hpl.hp.com>
personal-link 281/tcp Personal Link
personal-link 281/udp Personal Link
# Dan Cummings <doc&cnr.com>
cableport-ax 282/tcp Cable Port A/X
cableport-ax 282/udp Cable Port A/X
# Craig Langfahl <Craig_J_Langfahl&ccm.ch.intel.com>
rescap 283/tcp rescap
rescap 283/udp rescap
# Paul Hoffman <phoffman&imc.org>
corerjd 284/tcp corerjd
corerjd 284/udp corerjd
# Chris Thornhill <port_contact&cjt.ca>
# 285 Unassigned
fxp 286/tcp FXP Communication
fxp 286/udp FXP Communication
# James Darnall <james_r_darnall&sbcglobal.net>
k-block 287/tcp K-BLOCK
k-block 287/udp K-BLOCK
# Simon P Jackson <jacko&kring.co.uk>
# 288-307 Unassigned
novastorbakcup 308/tcp Novastor Backup
novastorbakcup 308/udp Novastor Backup
# Brian Dickman <brian&novastor.com>
entrusttime 309/tcp EntrustTime
entrusttime 309/udp EntrustTime
# Peter Whittaker <pww&entrust.com>
bhmds 310/tcp bhmds
bhmds 310/udp bhmds
# John Kelly <johnk&bellhow.com>
asip-webadmin 311/tcp AppleShare IP WebAdmin
asip-webadmin 311/udp AppleShare IP WebAdmin
# Ann Huang <annhuang&apple.com>
vslmp 312/tcp VSLMP
vslmp 312/udp VSLMP
# Gerben Wierda <Gerben_Wierda&RnA.nl>
magenta-logic 313/tcp Magenta Logic
magenta-logic 313/udp Magenta Logic
# Karl Rousseau <kr&netfusion.co.uk>
opalis-robot 314/tcp Opalis Robot
opalis-robot 314/udp Opalis Robot
# Laurent Domenech, Opalis <ldomenech&opalis.com>
dpsi 315/tcp DPSI
dpsi 315/udp DPSI
# Tony Scamurra <Tony&DesktopPaging.com>
decauth 316/tcp decAuth
decauth 316/udp decAuth
# Michael Agishtein <misha&unx.dec.com>
zannet 317/tcp Zannet
zannet 317/udp Zannet
# Zan Oliphant <zan&accessone.com>
pkix-timestamp 318/tcp PKIX TimeStamp
pkix-timestamp 318/udp PKIX TimeStamp
# Robert Zuccherato <robert.zuccherato&entrust.com>
ptp-event 319/tcp PTP Event
ptp-event 319/udp PTP Event
ptp-general 320/tcp PTP General
ptp-general 320/udp PTP General
# John Eidson <eidson&hpl.hp.com>
pip 321/tcp PIP
pip 321/udp PIP
# Gordon Mohr <gojomo&usa.net>
rtsps 322/tcp RTSPS
rtsps 322/udp RTSPS
# Anders Klemets <andersklµsoft.com>
# 323-332 Unassigned
texar 333/tcp Texar Security Port
texar 333/udp Texar Security Port
# Eugen Bacic <ebacic&texar.com>
# 334-343 Unassigned
pdap 344/tcp Prospero Data Access Protocol
pdap 344/udp Prospero Data Access Protocol
# B. Clifford Neuman <bcn&isi.edu>
pawserv 345/tcp Perf Analysis Workbench
pawserv 345/udp Perf Analysis Workbench
zserv 346/tcp Zebra server
zserv 346/udp Zebra server
fatserv 347/tcp Fatmen Server
fatserv 347/udp Fatmen Server
csi-sgwp 348/tcp Cabletron Management Protocol
csi-sgwp 348/udp Cabletron Management Protocol
mftp 349/tcp mftp
mftp 349/udp mftp
# Dave Feinleib <davefeµsoft.com>
matip-type-a 350/tcp MATIP Type A
matip-type-a 350/udp MATIP Type A
# Alain Robert <arobert&par.sita.int>
# [RFC2351]
matip-type-b 351/tcp MATIP Type B
matip-type-b 351/udp MATIP Type B
# Alain Robert <arobert&par.sita.int>
# [RFC2351]
# The following entry records an unassigned but widespread use
bhoetty 351/tcp bhoetty (added 5/21/97)
bhoetty 351/udp bhoetty
# John Kelly <johnk&bellhow.com>
dtag-ste-sb 352/tcp DTAG (assigned long ago)
dtag-ste-sb 352/udp DTAG
# Ruediger Wald <wald&ez-darmstadt.telekom.de>
# The following entry records an unassigned but widespread use
bhoedap4 352/tcp bhoedap4 (added 5/21/97)
bhoedap4 352/udp bhoedap4
# John Kelly <johnk&bellhow.com>
ndsauth 353/tcp NDSAUTH
ndsauth 353/udp NDSAUTH
# Jayakumar Ramalingam <jayakumar&novell.com>
bh611 354/tcp bh611
bh611 354/udp bh611
# John Kelly <johnk&bellhow.com>
datex-asn 355/tcp DATEX-ASN
datex-asn 355/udp DATEX-ASN
# Kenneth Vaughn <kvaughn&mail.viggen.com>
cloanto-net-1 356/tcp Cloanto Net 1
cloanto-net-1 356/udp Cloanto Net 1
# Michael Battilana <mcb-iana&cloanto.com>
bhevent 357/tcp bhevent
bhevent 357/udp bhevent
# John Kelly <johnk&bellhow.com>
shrinkwrap 358/tcp Shrinkwrap
shrinkwrap 358/udp Shrinkwrap
# Bill Simpson <wsimpson&greendragon.com>
nsrmp 359/tcp Network Security Risk Management Protocol
nsrmp 359/udp Network Security Risk Management Protocol
# Eric Jacksch <jacksch&tenebris.ca>
scoi2odialog 360/tcp scoi2odialog
scoi2odialog 360/udp scoi2odialog
# Keith Petley <keithp&sco.COM>
semantix 361/tcp Semantix
semantix 361/udp Semantix
# Semantix <xsSupport&semantix.com>
srssend 362/tcp SRS Send
srssend 362/udp SRS Send
# Curt Mayer <curt&emergent.com>
rsvp_tunnel 363/tcp RSVP Tunnel
rsvp_tunnel 363/udp RSVP Tunnel
# Andreas Terzis <terzis&cs.ucla.edu>
aurora-cmgr 364/tcp Aurora CMGR
aurora-cmgr 364/udp Aurora CMGR
# Philip Budne <budne&auroratech.com>
dtk 365/tcp DTK
dtk 365/udp DTK
# Fred Cohen <fc&all.net>
odmr 366/tcp ODMR
odmr 366/udp ODMR
# Randall Gellens <randy&qualcomm.com>
mortgageware 367/tcp MortgageWare
mortgageware 367/udp MortgageWare
# Ole Hellevik <oleh&interlinq.com>
qbikgdp 368/tcp QbikGDP
qbikgdp 368/udp QbikGDP
# Adrien de Croy <adrien&qbik.com>
rpc2portmap 369/tcp rpc2portmap
rpc2portmap 369/udp rpc2portmap
codaauth2 370/tcp codaauth2
codaauth2 370/udp codaauth2
# Robert Watson <robert&cyrus.watson.org>
clearcase 371/tcp Clearcase
clearcase 371/udp Clearcase
# Dave LeBlang <leglang&atria.com>
ulistproc 372/tcp ListProcessor
ulistproc 372/udp ListProcessor
# Anastasios Kotsikonas <tasos&cs.bu.edu>
legent-1 373/tcp Legent Corporation
legent-1 373/udp Legent Corporation
legent-2 374/tcp Legent Corporation
legent-2 374/udp Legent Corporation
# Keith Boyce <---none--->
hassle 375/tcp Hassle
hassle 375/udp Hassle
# Reinhard Doelz <doelz&comp.bioz.unibas.ch>
nip 376/tcp Amiga Envoy Network Inquiry Proto
nip 376/udp Amiga Envoy Network Inquiry Proto
# Heinz Wrobel <hwrobel&gmx.de>
tnETOS 377/tcp NEC Corporation
tnETOS 377/udp NEC Corporation
dsETOS 378/tcp NEC Corporation
dsETOS 378/udp NEC Corporation
# Tomoo Fujita <tf&arc.bs1.fc.nec.co.jp>
is99c 379/tcp TIA/EIA/IS-99 modem client
is99c 379/udp TIA/EIA/IS-99 modem client
is99s 380/tcp TIA/EIA/IS-99 modem server
is99s 380/udp TIA/EIA/IS-99 modem server
# Frank Quick <fquick&qualcomm.com>
hp-collector 381/tcp hp performance data collector
hp-collector 381/udp hp performance data collector
hp-managed-node 382/tcp hp performance data managed node
hp-managed-node 382/udp hp performance data managed node
hp-alarm-mgr 383/tcp hp performance data alarm manager
hp-alarm-mgr 383/udp hp performance data alarm manager
# Frank Blakely <frankb&hpptc16.rose.hp.com>
arns 384/tcp A Remote Network Server System
arns 384/udp A Remote Network Server System
# David Hornsby <djh&munnari.OZ.AU>
ibm-app 385/tcp IBM Application
ibm-app 385/udp IBM Application
# Lisa Tomita <---none--->
asa 386/tcp ASA Message Router Object Def.
asa 386/udp ASA Message Router Object Def.
# Steve Laitinen <laitinen&brutus.aa.ab.com>
aurp 387/tcp Appletalk Update-Based Routing Pro.
aurp 387/udp Appletalk Update-Based Routing Pro.
# Chris Ranch <cranch&novell.com>
unidata-ldm 388/tcp Unidata LDM
unidata-ldm 388/udp Unidata LDM
# Glenn Davis <support&unidata.ucar.edu>
ldap 389/tcp Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
ldap 389/udp Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
# Tim Howes <Tim.Howes&terminator.cc.umich.edu>
uis 390/tcp UIS
uis 390/udp UIS
# Ed Barron <---none--->
synotics-relay 391/tcp SynOptics SNMP Relay Port
synotics-relay 391/udp SynOptics SNMP Relay Port
synotics-broker 392/tcp SynOptics Port Broker Port
synotics-broker 392/udp SynOptics Port Broker Port
# Illan Raab <iraab&synoptics.com>
meta5 393/tcp Meta5
meta5 393/udp Meta5
# Jim Kanzler <jim.kanzler&meta5.com>
embl-ndt 394/tcp EMBL Nucleic Data Transfer
embl-ndt 394/udp EMBL Nucleic Data Transfer
# Peter Gad <peter&bmc.uu.se>
netcp 395/tcp NETscout Control Protocol
netcp 395/udp NETscout Control Protocol
# Anil Singhal <---none--->
netware-ip 396/tcp Novell Netware over IP
netware-ip 396/udp Novell Netware over IP
mptn 397/tcp Multi Protocol Trans. Net.
mptn 397/udp Multi Protocol Trans. Net.
# Soumitra Sarkar <sarkar&vnet.ibm.com>
kryptolan 398/tcp Kryptolan
kryptolan 398/udp Kryptolan
# Peter de Laval <pdl§ra.se>
iso-tsap-c2 399/tcp ISO Transport Class 2 Non-Control over TCP
iso-tsap-c2 399/udp ISO Transport Class 2 Non-Control over UDP
# Yanick Pouffary <pouffary&taec.enet.dec.com>
osb-sd 400/tcp Oracle Secure Backup
osb-sd 400/udp Oracle Secure Backup
# Formerly was Workstation Solutions
# Previous Contact: Jim Ward <jimw&worksta.com>
# Current Contact: Joseph Dziedzic <tony.dziedzic&oracle.com> 06 June 2008
ups 401/tcp Uninterruptible Power Supply
ups 401/udp Uninterruptible Power Supply
# Previous Contact: Charles Bennett <chuck&benatong.com>
# Current Contact: Charles Bennett <bennettc&ohio.edu> 29 August 2008
genie 402/tcp Genie Protocol
genie 402/udp Genie Protocol
# Mark Hankin <---none--->
decap 403/tcp decap
decap 403/udp decap
nced 404/tcp nced
nced 404/udp nced
ncld 405/tcp ncld
ncld 405/udp ncld
# Richard Jones <---none--->
imsp 406/tcp Interactive Mail Support Protocol
imsp 406/udp Interactive Mail Support Protocol
# John Myers <jgm+&cmu.edu>
timbuktu 407/tcp Timbuktu
timbuktu 407/udp Timbuktu
# Marc Epard <marc&netopia.com>
prm-sm 408/tcp Prospero Resource Manager Sys. Man.
prm-sm 408/udp Prospero Resource Manager Sys. Man.
prm-nm 409/tcp Prospero Resource Manager Node Man.
prm-nm 409/udp Prospero Resource Manager Node Man.
# B. Clifford Neuman <bcn&isi.edu>
decladebug 410/tcp DECLadebug Remote Debug Protocol
decladebug 410/udp DECLadebug Remote Debug Protocol
# Hewlett-Packard <-TBA->
rmt 411/tcp Remote MT Protocol
rmt 411/udp Remote MT Protocol
# Peter Eriksson <pen&lysator.liu.se>
synoptics-trap 412/tcp Trap Convention Port
synoptics-trap 412/udp Trap Convention Port
# Illan Raab <iraab&synoptics.com>
smsp 413/tcp Storage Management Services Protocol
smsp 413/udp Storage Management Services Protocol
# Murthy Srinivas <murthy&novell.com>
infoseek 414/tcp InfoSeek
infoseek 414/udp InfoSeek
# Steve Kirsch <stk&infoseek.com>
bnet 415/tcp BNet
bnet 415/udp BNet
# Jim Mertz <JMertz+RV09&rvdc.unisys.com>
silverplatter 416/tcp Silverplatter
silverplatter 416/udp Silverplatter
# Peter Ciuffetti <petec&silverplatter.com>
onmux 417/tcp Onmux
onmux 417/udp Onmux
# Stephen Hanna <hanna&world.std.com>
hyper-g 418/tcp Hyper-G
hyper-g 418/udp Hyper-G
# Frank Kappe <fkappe&iicm.tu-graz.ac.at>
ariel1 419/tcp Ariel 1
ariel1 419/udp Ariel 1
# Joel Karafin <jkarafin&infotrieve.com>
smpte 420/tcp SMPTE
smpte 420/udp SMPTE
# Si Becker <71362.22&CompuServe.COM>
ariel2 421/tcp Ariel 2
ariel2 421/udp Ariel 2
ariel3 422/tcp Ariel 3
ariel3 422/udp Ariel 3
# Joel Karafin <jkarafin&infotrieve.com>
opc-job-start 423/tcp IBM Operations Planning and Control Start
opc-job-start 423/udp IBM Operations Planning and Control Start
opc-job-track 424/tcp IBM Operations Planning and Control Track
opc-job-track 424/udp IBM Operations Planning and Control Track
# Conny Larsson <cocke&VNET.IBM.COM>
icad-el 425/tcp ICAD
icad-el 425/udp ICAD
# Larry Stone <lcs&icad.com>
smartsdp 426/tcp smartsdp
smartsdp 426/udp smartsdp
# Marie-Pierre Belanger <belanger_marie&emc.com>
svrloc 427/tcp Server Location
svrloc 427/udp Server Location
# <veizades&ftp.com>
ocs_cmu 428/tcp OCS_CMU
ocs_cmu 428/udp OCS_CMU
ocs_amu 429/tcp OCS_AMU
ocs_amu 429/udp OCS_AMU
# Florence Wyman <wyman&peabody.plk.af.mil>
utmpsd 430/tcp UTMPSD
utmpsd 430/udp UTMPSD
utmpcd 431/tcp UTMPCD
utmpcd 431/udp UTMPCD
iasd 432/tcp IASD
iasd 432/udp IASD
# Nir Baroz <nbaroz&encore.com>
nnsp 433/tcp NNSP
nnsp 433/udp NNSP
# Rob Robertson <rob&gangrene.berkeley.edu>
mobileip-agent 434/tcp MobileIP-Agent
mobileip-agent 434/udp MobileIP-Agent
mobilip-mn 435/tcp MobilIP-MN
mobilip-mn 435/udp MobilIP-MN
# Kannan Alagappan <kannan&sejour.lkg.dec.com>
dna-cml 436/tcp DNA-CML
dna-cml 436/udp DNA-CML
# Dan Flowers <flowers&smaug.lkg.dec.com>
comscm 437/tcp comscm
comscm 437/udp comscm
# Jim Teague <teague&zso.dec.com>
dsfgw 438/tcp dsfgw
dsfgw 438/udp dsfgw
# Andy McKeen <mckeen&osf.org>
dasp 439/tcp dasp Thomas Obermair
dasp 439/udp dasp tommy&inlab.m.eunet.de
# Thomas Obermair <tommy&inlab.m.eunet.de>
sgcp 440/tcp sgcp
sgcp 440/udp sgcp
# Marshall Rose <mrose&dbc.mtview.ca.us>
decvms-sysmgt 441/tcp decvms-sysmgt
decvms-sysmgt 441/udp decvms-sysmgt
# Lee Barton <barton&star.enet.dec.com>
cvc_hostd 442/tcp cvc_hostd
cvc_hostd 442/udp cvc_hostd
# Bill Davidson <billd&equalizer.cray.com>
https 443/tcp http protocol over TLS/SSL
https 443/udp http protocol over TLS/SSL
# Kipp E.B. Hickman <kipp&mcom.com>
https 443/sctp HTTPS
# IETF TSVWG
# Randall Stewart <rrs&cisco.com>
# [RFC4960]
snpp 444/tcp Simple Network Paging Protocol
snpp 444/udp Simple Network Paging Protocol
# [RFC1568]
microsoft-ds 445/tcp Microsoft-DS
microsoft-ds 445/udp Microsoft-DS
# Pradeep Bahl <pradeepbµsoft.com>
ddm-rdb 446/tcp DDM-Remote Relational Database Access
ddm-rdb 446/udp DDM-Remote Relational Database Access
ddm-dfm 447/tcp DDM-Distributed File Management
ddm-dfm 447/udp DDM-Distributed File Management
# Steven Ritland <srr&us.ibm.com>
ddm-ssl 448/tcp DDM-Remote DB Access Using Secure Sockets
ddm-ssl 448/udp DDM-Remote DB Access Using Secure Sockets
# Steven Ritland <srr&us.ibm.com>
as-servermap 449/tcp AS Server Mapper
as-servermap 449/udp AS Server Mapper
# Barbara Foss <BGFOSS&rchvmv.vnet.ibm.com>
tserver 450/tcp Computer Supported Telecomunication Applications
tserver 450/udp Computer Supported Telecomunication Applications
# Harvey S. Schultz <harvey&acm.org>
sfs-smp-net 451/tcp Cray Network Semaphore server
sfs-smp-net 451/udp Cray Network Semaphore server
sfs-config 452/tcp Cray SFS config server
sfs-config 452/udp Cray SFS config server
# Walter Poxon <wdp&ironwood.cray.com>
creativeserver 453/tcp CreativeServer
creativeserver 453/udp CreativeServer
contentserver 454/tcp ContentServer
contentserver 454/udp ContentServer
creativepartnr 455/tcp CreativePartnr
creativepartnr 455/udp CreativePartnr
# Jesus Ortiz <jesus_ortiz&emotion.com>
macon-tcp 456/tcp macon-tcp
macon-udp 456/udp macon-udp
# Yoshinobu Inoue
# <shin&hodaka.mfd.cs.fujitsu.co.jp>
scohelp 457/tcp scohelp
scohelp 457/udp scohelp
# Faith Zack <faithz&sco.com>
appleqtc 458/tcp apple quick time
appleqtc 458/udp apple quick time
# Murali Ranganathan
# <murali_ranganathan&quickmail.apple.com>
ampr-rcmd 459/tcp ampr-rcmd
ampr-rcmd 459/udp ampr-rcmd
# Rob Janssen <rob&sys3.pe1chl.ampr.org>
skronk 460/tcp skronk
skronk 460/udp skronk
# Henry Strickland <strick&yak.net>
datasurfsrv 461/tcp DataRampSrv
datasurfsrv 461/udp DataRampSrv
datasurfsrvsec 462/tcp DataRampSrvSec
datasurfsrvsec 462/udp DataRampSrvSec
# Diane Downie <downie&jibe.MV.COM>
alpes 463/tcp alpes
alpes 463/udp alpes
# Alain Durand <Alain.Durand&imag.fr>
kpasswd 464/tcp kpasswd
kpasswd 464/udp kpasswd
# Theodore Ts'o <tytso&MIT.EDU>
urd 465/tcp URL Rendesvous Directory for SSM
igmpv3lite 465/udp IGMP over UDP for SSM
# Toerless Eckert <eckert&cisco.com>
digital-vrc 466/tcp digital-vrc
digital-vrc 466/udp digital-vrc
# Peter Higginson <higginson&mail.dec.com>
mylex-mapd 467/tcp mylex-mapd
mylex-mapd 467/udp mylex-mapd
# Gary Lewis <GaryL&hq.mylex.com>
photuris 468/tcp proturis
photuris 468/udp proturis
# Bill Simpson <Bill.Simpson&um.cc.umich.edu>
rcp 469/tcp Radio Control Protocol
rcp 469/udp Radio Control Protocol
# Jim Jennings +1-708-538-7241
scx-proxy 470/tcp scx-proxy
scx-proxy 470/udp scx-proxy
# Scott Narveson <sjn&cray.com>
mondex 471/tcp Mondex
mondex 471/udp Mondex
# Bill Reding <redingb&nwdt.natwest.co.uk>
ljk-login 472/tc
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epoll简介及触发模式(accept、read、send)-epoll的简单介绍 epoll在LT和ET模式下的读写方式 一、epoll的接口非常简单,一共就三个函数:1. int epoll_create(int size);创建一个epoll的句柄,size用来告诉内核这个监听的数目一共有多大。这个参数不同于select中的第一个参数,给出最大监听的fd+1的值。需要注意的是,当创建好epoll句柄后,它就是会占用一个fd值,在linux下如果查看/proc/进程id/fd/,是能够看到这个fd的,所以在使用完epoll后,必须调用close关闭,否则可能导致fd被耗尽。2. int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event);epoll的事件注册函数,它不同与select是在监听事件时告诉内核要监听什么类型的事件,而是在这里先注册要监听的事件类型。第一个参数是epoll_create的返回值,第二个参数表示动作,用三个宏来表示:EPOLL_CTL_ADD:注册新的fd到epfd中;EPOLL_CTL_MOD:修改已经注册的fd的监听事件;EPOLL_CTL_DEL:从epfd中删除一个fd;第三个参数是需要监听的fd,第四个参数是告诉内核需要监听什么事,struct epoll_event结构如下:struct epoll_event { __uint32_t events; /* Epoll events */ epoll_data_t data; /* User data variable */};events可以是以下几个宏的集合:EPOLLIN :表示对应的文件描述符可以读(包括对端SOCKET正常关闭); EPOLLIN事件:EPOLLIN事件则只有当对端有数据写入时才会触发,所以触发一次后需要不断读取所有数据直到读完EAGAIN为止。否则剩下的数据只有在下次对端有写入时才能一起取出来了。现在明白为什么说epoll必须要求异步socket了吧?如果同步socket,而且要求读完所有数据,那么最终就会在堵死在阻塞里。 EPOLLOUT:表示对应的文件描述符可以写; EPOLLOUT事件:EPOLLOUT事件只有在连接时触发一次,表示可写,其他时候想要触发,那要先准备好下面条件:1.某次write,写满了发送缓冲区,返回错误码为EAGAIN。2.对端读取了一些数据,又重新可写了,此时会触发EPOLLOUT。简单地说:EPOLLOUT事件只有在不可写到可写的转变时刻,才会触发一次,所以叫边缘触发,这叫法没错的!其实,如果真的想强制触发一次,也是有办法的,直接调用epoll_ctl重新设置一下event就可以了,event跟原来的设置一模一样都行(但必须包含EPOLLOUT),关键是重新设置,就会马上触发一次EPOLLOUT事件。1. 缓冲区由满变空.2.同时注册EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT事件,也会触发一次EPOLLOUT事件这个两个也会触发EPOLLOUT事件 EPOLLPRI:表示对应的文件描述符有紧急的数据可读(这里应该表示有带外数据到来);EPOLLERR:表示对应的文件描述符发生错误;EPOLLHUP:表示对应的文件描述符被挂断;EPOLLET: 将EPOLL设为边缘触发(Edge Triggered)模式,这是相对于水平触发(Level Triggered)来说的。EPOLLONESHOT:只监听一次事件,当监听完这次事件之后,如果还需要继续监听这个socket的话,需要再次把这个socket加入到EPOLL队列里3. int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event * events, int maxevents, int timeout);等待事件的产生,类似于select调用。参数events用来从内核得到事件的集合,maxevents告之内核这个events有多大,这个maxevents的值不能大于创建epoll_create时的size,参数timeout是超时时间(毫秒,0会立即返回,-1将不确定,也有说法说是永久阻塞)。该函数返回需要处理的事件数目,如返回0表示已超时。-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 从man手册中,得到ET和LT的具体描述如下EPOLL事件有两种模型:Edge Triggered (ET)Level Triggered (LT)假如有这样一个例子:1. 我们已经把一个用来从管道中读取数据的文件句柄(RFD)添加到epoll描述符2. 这个时候从管道的另一端被写入了2KB的数据3. 调用epoll_wait(2),并且它会返回RFD,说明它已经准备好读取操作4. 然后我们读取了1KB的数据5. 调用epoll_wait(2)......Edge Triggered 工作模式:如果我们在第1步将RFD添加到epoll描述符的时候使用了EPOLLET标志,那么在第5步调用epoll_wait(2)之后将有可能会挂起,因为剩余的数据还存在于文件的输入缓冲区内,而且数据发出端还在等待一个针对已经发出数据的反馈信息。只有在监视的文件句柄上发生了某个事件的时候 ET 工作模式才会汇报事件。因此在第5步的时候,调用者可能会放弃等待仍在存在于文件输入缓冲区内的剩余数据。在上面的例子中,会有一个事件产生在RFD句柄上,因为在第2步执行了一个写操作,然后,事件将会在第3步被销毁。因为第4步的读取操作没有读空文件输入缓冲区内的数据,因此我们在第5步调用 epoll_wait(2)完成后,是否挂起是不确定的。epoll工作在ET模式的时候,必须使用非阻塞套接口,以避免由于一个文件句柄的阻塞读/阻塞写操作把处理多个文件描述符的任务饿死。最好以下面的方式调用ET模式的epoll接口,在后面会介绍避免可能的缺陷。 i 基于非阻塞文件句柄 ii 只有当read(2)或者write(2)返回EAGAIN时才需要挂起,等待。但这并不是说每次read时都需要循环读,直到读到产生一个EAGAIN才认为此次事件处理完成,当read返回的读到的数据长度小于请求的数据长度时,就可以确定此时缓冲中已没有数据了,也就可以认为此事读事件已处理完成。Level Triggered 工作模式相反的,以LT方式调用epoll接口的时候,它就相当于一个速度比较快的poll(2),并且无论后面的数据是否被使用,因此他们具有同样的职能。因为即使使用ET模式的epoll,在收到多个chunk的数据的时候仍然会产生多个事件。调用者可以设定EPOLLONESHOT标志,在 epoll_wait(2)收到事件后epoll会与事件关联的文件句柄从epoll描述符中禁止掉。因此当EPOLLONESHOT设定后,使用带有 EPOLL_CTL_MOD标志的epoll_ctl(2)处理文件句柄就成为调用者必须作的事情。然后详细解释ET, LT:LT(level triggered)是缺省的工作方式,并且同时支持block和no-block socket.在这种做法中,内核告诉你一个文件描述符是否就绪了,然后你可以对这个就绪的fd进行IO操作。如果你不作任何操作,内核还是会继续通知你的,所以,这种模式编程出错误可能性要小一点。传统的select/poll都是这种模型的代表.ET(edge-triggered)是高速工作方式,只支持no-block socket。在这种模式下,当描述符从未就绪变为就绪时,内核通过epoll告诉你。然后它会假设你知道文件描述符已经就绪,并且不会再为那个文件描述符发送更多的就绪通知,直到你做了某些操作导致那个文件描述符不再为就绪状态了(比如,你在发送,接收或者接收请求,或者发送接收的数据少于一定量时导致了一个EWOULDBLOCK 错误)。但是请注意,如果一直不对这个fd作IO操作(从而导致它再次变成未就绪),内核不会发送更多的通知(only once),不过在TCP协议中,ET模式的加速效用仍需要更多的benchmark确认(这句话不理解)。在许多测试中我们会看到如果没有大量的idle -connection或者dead-connection,epoll的效率并不会比select/poll高很多,但是当我们遇到大量的idle- connection(例如WAN环境中存在大量的慢速连接),就会发现epoll的效率大大高于select/poll。(未测试)另外,当使用epoll的ET模型来工作时,当产生了一个EPOLLIN事件后,读数据的时候需要考虑的是当recv返回的大小如果等于请求的大小,那么很有可能是缓冲区还有数据未读完,也意味着该次事件还没有处理完,所以还需要再次读取: 这里只是说明思路(参考《UNIX网络编程》) while(rs) {buflen = recv(activeevents[i].data.fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);if(buflen < 0){// 由于是非阻塞的模式,所以当errno为EAGAIN时,表示当前缓冲区已无数据可读// 在这里就当作是该次事件已处理处.if(errno == EAGAIN)break; else return; }else if(buflen == 0) { // 这里表示对端的socket已正常关闭. } if(buflen == sizeof(buf) rs = 1; // 需要再次读取 else rs = 0; } 还有,假如发送端流量大于接收端的流量(意思是epoll所在的程序读比转发的socket要快),由于是非阻塞的socket,那么send函数虽然返回,但实际缓冲区的数据并未真正发给接收端,这样不断的读和发,当缓冲区满后会产生EAGAIN错误(参考man send),同时,不理会这次请求发送的数据.所以,需要封装socket_send的函数用来处理这种情况,该函数会尽量将数据写完再返回,返回-1表示出错。在socket_send内部,当写缓冲已满(send返回-1,且errno为EAGAIN),那么会等待后再重试.这种方式并不很完美,在理论上可能会长时间的阻塞在socket_send内部,但暂没有更好的办法. ssize_t socket_send(int sockfd, const char* buffer, size_t buflen) { ssize_t tmp; size_t total = buflen; const char *p = buffer; while(1) { tmp = send(sockfd, p, total, 0); if(tmp < 0) { // 当send收到信号时,可以继续写,但这里返回-1. if(errno == EINTR) return -1; // 当socket是非阻塞时,如返回此错误,表示写缓冲队列已满, // 在这里做延时后再重试. if(errno == EAGAIN) { usleep(1000); continue; } return -1; } if((size_t)tmp == total) return buflen; total -= tmp; p += tmp; } return tmp; } 二、epoll在LT和ET模式下的读写方式 在一个非阻塞的socket上调用read/write函数, 返回EAGAIN或者EWOULDBLOCK(注: EAGAIN就是EWOULDBLOCK) 从字面上看, 意思是: * EAGAIN: 再试一次 * EWOULDBLOCK: 如果这是一个阻塞socket, 操作将被block * perror输出: Resource temporarily unavailable 总结: 这个错误表示资源暂时不够, 可能read时, 读缓冲区没有数据, 或者, write时,写缓冲区满了 。 遇到这种情况, 如果是阻塞socket, read/write就要阻塞掉。 而如果是非阻塞socket, read/write立即返回-1, 同 时errno设置为EAGAIN. 所以, 对于阻塞socket, read/write返回-1代表网络出错了. 但对于非阻塞socket, read/write返回-1不一定网络真的出错了. 可能是Resource temporarily unavailable. 这时你应该再试, 直到Resource available. 综上, 对于non-blocking的socket, 正确的读写操作为: 读: 忽略掉errno = EAGAIN的错误, 下次继续读 写: 忽略掉errno = EAGAIN的错误, 下次继续写 对于select和epoll的LT模式, 这种读写方式是没有问题的. 但对于epoll的ET模式, 这种方式还有漏洞. epoll的两种模式 LT 和 ET
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深入分析 TCP/IP 协议栈:了解网络通信的核心
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windows下进程间通信的(13种方法)-摘 要 本文讨论了进程间通信与应用程序间通信的含义及相应的实现技术,并对这些技术的原理、特性等进行了深入的分析和比较。 ---- 关键词 信号 管道 消息队列 共享存储段 信号灯 远程过程调用 Socket套接字 MQSeries 1 引言 ---- 进程间通信的主要目的是实现同一计算机系统内部的相互协作的进程之间的数据共享与信息交换,由于这些进程处于同一软件和硬件环境下,利用操作系统提供的的编程接口,用户可以方便地在程序中实现这种通信;应用程序间通信的主要目的是实现不同计算机系统中的相互协作的应用程序之间的数据共享与信息交换,由于应用程序分别运行在不同计算机系统中,它们之间要通过网络之间的协议才能实现数据共享与信息交换。进程间通信和应用程序间通信及相应的实现技术有许多相同之处,也各有自己的特色。即使是同一类型的通信也有多种的实现方法,以适应不同情况的需要。 ---- 为了充分认识和掌握这两种通信及相应的实现技术,本文将就以下几个方面对这两种通信进行深入的讨论:问题的由来、解决问题的策略和方法、每种方法的工作原理和实现、每种实现方法的特点和适用的范围等。 2 进程间的通信及其实现技术 ---- 用户提交给计算机的任务最终都是通过一个个的进程来完成的。在一组并发进程中的任何两个进程之间,如果都不存在公共变量,则称该组进程为不相交的。在不相交的进程组中,每个进程都独立于其它进程,它的运行环境与顺序程序一样,而且它的运行环境也不为别的进程所改变。运行的结果是确定的,不会发生与时间相关的错误。 ---- 但是,在实际中,并发进程的各个进程之间并不是完全互相独立的,它们之间往往存在着相互制约的关系。进程之间的相互制约关系表现为两种方式: ---- (1) 间接相互制约:共享CPU ---- (2) 直接相互制约:竞争和协作 ---- 竞争——进程对共享资源的竞争。为保证进程互斥地访问共享资源,各进程必须互斥地进入各自的临界段。 ---- 协作——进程之间交换数据。为完成一个共同任务而同时运行的一组进程称为同组进程,它们之间必须交换数据,以达到协作完成任务的目的,交换数据可以通知对方可以做某事或者委托对方做某事。 ---- 共享CPU问题由操作系统的进程调度来实现,进程间的竞争和协作由进程间的通信来完成。进程间的通信一般由操作系统提供编程接口,由程序员在程序中实现。UNIX在这个方面可以说最具特色,它提供了一整套进程间的数据共享与信息交换的处理方法——进程通信机制(IPC)。因此,我们就以UNIX为例来分析进程间通信的各种实现技术。 ---- 在UNIX中,文件(File)、信号(Signal)、无名管道(Unnamed Pipes)、有名管道(FIFOs)是传统IPC功能;新的IPC功能包括消息队列(Message queues)、共享存储段(Shared memory segment)和信号灯(Semapores)。 ---- (1) 信号 ---- 信号机制是UNIX为进程中断处理而设置的。它只是一组预定义的值,因此不能用于信息交换,仅用于进程中断控制。例如在发生浮点错、非法内存访问、执行无效指令、某些按键(如ctrl-c、del等)等都会产生一个信号,操作系统就会调用有关的系统调用或用户定义的处理过程来处理。 ---- 信号处理的系统调用是signal,调用形式是: ---- signal(signalno,action) ---- 其中,signalno是规定信号编号的值,action指明当特定的信号发生时所执行的动作。 ---- (2) 无名管道和有名管道 ---- 无名管道实际上是内存中的一个临时存储区,它由系统安全控制,并且独立于创建它的进程的内存区。管道对数据采用先进先出方式管理,并严格按顺序操作,例如不能对管道进行搜索,管道中的信息只能读一次。 ---- 无名管道只能用于两个相互协作的进程之间的通信,并且访问无名管道的进程必须有共同的祖先。 ---- 系统提供了许多标准管道库函数,如: pipe——打开一个可以读写的管道; close——关闭相应的管道; read——从管道中读取字符; write——向管道中写入字符; ---- 有名管道的操作和无名管道类似,不同的地方在于使用有名管道的进程不需要具有共同的祖先,其它进程,只要知道该管道的名字,就可以访问它。管道非常适合进程之间快速交换信息。 ---- (3) 消息队列(MQ) ---- 消息队列是内存中独立于生成它的进程的一段存储区,一旦创建消息队列,任何进程,只要具有正确的的访问权限,都可以访问消息队列,消息队列非常适合于在进程间交换短信息。 ---- 消息队列的每条消息由类型编号来分类,这样接收进程可以选择读取特定的消息类型——这一点与管道不同。消息队列在创建后将一直存在,直到使用msgctl系统调用或iqcrm -q命令删除它为止。 ---- 系统提供了许多有关创建、使用和管理消息队列的系统调用,如: ---- int msgget(key,flag)——创建一个具有flag权限的MQ及其相应的结构,并返回一个唯一的正整数msqid(MQ的标识符); ---- int msgsnd(msqid,msgp,msgsz,msgtyp,flag)——向队列中发送信息; ---- int msgrcv(msqid,cmd,buf)——从队列中接收信息; ---- int msgctl(msqid,cmd,buf)——对MQ的控制操作; ---- (4) 共享存储段(SM) ---- 共享存储段是主存的一部分,它由一个或多个独立的进程共享。各进程的数据段与共享存储段相关联,对每个进程来说,共享存储段有不同的虚拟地址。系统提供的有关SM的系统调用有: ---- int shmget(key,size,flag)——创建大小为size的SM段,其相应的数据结构名为key,并返回共享内存区的标识符shmid; ---- char shmat(shmid,address,flag)——将当前进程数据段的地址赋给shmget所返回的名为shmid的SM段; ---- int shmdr(address)——从进程地址空间删除SM段; ---- int shmctl (shmid,cmd,buf)——对SM的控制操作; ---- SM的大小只受主存限制,SM段的访问及进程间的信息交换可以通过同步读写来完成。同步通常由信号灯来实现。SM非常适合进程之间大量数据的共享。 ---- (5) 信号灯 ---- 在UNIX中,信号灯是一组进程共享的数据结构,当几个进程竞争同一资源时(文件、共享内存或消息队列等),它们的操作便由信号灯来同步,以防止互相干扰。 ---- 信号灯保证了某一时刻只有一个进程访问某一临界资源,所有请求该资源的其它进程都将被挂起,一旦该资源得到释放,系统才允许其它进程访问该资源。信号灯通常配对使用,以便实现资源的加锁和解锁。 ---- 进程间通信的实现技术的特点是:操作系统提供实现机制和编程接口,由用户在程序中实现,保证进程间可以进行快速的信息交换和大量数据的共享。但是,上述方式主要适合在同一台计算机系统内部的进程之间的通信。 3 应用程序间的通信及其实现技术 ---- 同进程之间的相互制约一样,不同的应用程序之间也存在竞争和协作的关系。UNIX操作系统也提供一些可用于应用程序之间实现数据共享与信息交换的编程接口,程序员可以通过自己编程来实现。如远程过程调用和基于TCP/IP协议的套接字(Socket)编程。但是,相对普通程序员来说,它们涉及的技术比较深,编程也比较复杂,实现起来困难较大。 ---- 于是,一种新的技术应运而生——通过将有关通信的细节完全掩盖在某个独立软件内部,即底层的通讯工作和相应的维护管理工作由该软件内部来实现,用户只需要将通信任务提交给该软件去完成,而不必理会它的具体工作过程——这就是所谓的中间件技术。 ---- 我们在这里分别讨论这三种常用的应用程序间通信的实现技术——远程过程调用、会话编程技术和MQSeries消息队列技术。其中远程过程调用和会话编程属于比较低级的方式,程序员参与的程度较深,而MQSeries消息队列则属于比较高级的方式,即中间件方式,程序员参与的程度较浅。 ---- 4.1 远程过程调用(RPC)
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Netty指南(3):理解与解决TCP连接中的粘包与拆包问题