SSM框架整合指南：配置文件与纯注解两种实现方式详解

一、配置文件方式

创建maven项目，打包方式为war

pom.xml文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.xx</groupId>
    <artifactId>ssm</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 此依赖会关联引用Spring中的所有基础jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringMVC的jar包 （会依赖spring-web）-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring支持jdbc的jar包（会依赖 spring-tx事务jar包） -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- aspectj依赖jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jackson依赖jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis 依赖包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mybatis-spring 依赖包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql驱动 依赖包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- servlet依赖包 监听器和过滤器用-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.1</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

1、实体类

package com.xx.ssm.po;

public class Dept {
    private Integer deptno;
    private String dname;
    private String loc;
    public Integer getDeptno() {
        return deptno;
    }
    public void setDeptno(Integer deptno) {
        this.deptno = deptno;
    }
    public String getDname() {
        return dname;
    }
    public void setDname(String dname) {
        this.dname = dname;
    }
    public String getLoc() {
        return loc;
    }
    public void setLoc(String loc) {
        this.loc = loc;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dept [deptno=" + deptno + ", dname=" + 
                  dname + ", loc=" + loc + "]";
    }
    
}

2、创建dao层接口

package com.xx.ssm.mapper;
import java.util.List; 
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select; 
import com.xx.ssm.po.Dept;

@Mapper
public interface DeptMapper {
    @Select("select * from dept where deptno = #{deptno}")
    public Dept getDeptById(Integer deptno);   //注解方式实现
    
    public List<Dept> getDept();               //映射文件方式实现
}

如果想写动态复杂sql，则也可使用映射文件
DeptMapper.xml放在resources目录下的mapper文件夹下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
    "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.xx.ssm.mapper.DeptMapper">
    <select id="getDept" resultType="Dept">
        select * from dept  
    </select>
</mapper>

3、创建service层接口

package com.xx.ssm.service;

import java.util.List; 
import com.xx.ssm.po.Dept;

public interface DeptService {
    public Dept getDeptById(Integer deptno);

    public List<Dept> getDept( );
 
}

4、创建service层实现类

package com.xx.ssm.service.impl;

import java.util.List; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 
import com.xx.ssm.mapper.DeptMapper;
import com.xx.ssm.po.Dept;
import com.xx.ssm.service.DeptService;

@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService{
    @Autowired
    private DeptMapper deptMapper;
    
    @Override
    public Dept getDeptById(Integer deptno) {
        return deptMapper.getDeptById(deptno);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Dept> getDept() { 
        return deptMapper.getDept();
    }
}

5、创建controller层控制器

package com.xx.ssm.controller;

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import com.xx.ssm.po.Dept;
import com.xx.ssm.service.DeptService;

@Controller
public class DeptController {
    @Autowired
    private DeptService deptService;
    
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/getDeptById")
    public Dept getDeptById(Integer deptno) throws Exception{ 
        return deptService.getDeptById(deptno);
    }
    
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/getDept")
    public List<Dept> getDept( ) throws Exception{ 
        return deptService.getDept( );
    }
}

6、web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://Java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    version="2.5">
    <display-name>ssm</display-name> 
    <!-- Spring整合web项目用的ServletContext监听器 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- 指定spring配置文件路径，默认加载 /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- springmvc前端控制器配置 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 各种错误页 前后端分离的不用配-->
    <!--
    <error-page>
        <error-code>404</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/views/error/404.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>403</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/views/error/403.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>405</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/views/error/405.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>500</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/views/error/500.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    -->  
</web-app>

7、在resources目录下创建applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!-- 引入db配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder
        location="classpath:db.properties" />
    <!-- 配置dataSource数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 创建SqlSessionFactory，并配置实体对象别名 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"></property>
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.xx.ssm.po" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置Mapper。自动扫描Mapper接口，并为其注入SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.xx.ssm.mapper"></property> 
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置Spring提供的事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 开启注解事务 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
    <!-- 注解扫描service层 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xx.ssm.service" />
</beans>

8、在resources目录下创建springmvc-servlet.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    
    <!--  自动加载注解的处理器映射和注解的处理器适配  -->   
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 开启注解扫描，将包下带有@Controller注解的类纳入Spring容器中-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xx.ssm.controller" />

 

    <!-- 可以配置多个拦截器 -->
    <!-- 
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**" />
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login" />
            <bean class="com.xx.ssm.interceptor.IndexInterceptor" />
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
    -->      

    <!--配置的视图解析器对象 --> 
    <!-- 
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    -->

    <!--过滤静态资源 -->
    <!--
    <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/views/" mapping="/views/**" />
     -->
</beans>
 

9、在resources目录下创建db.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp?characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

---

二、纯注解方式

创建maven项目，打包方式为war

pom.xml文件 、.java文件、*mapper.xml均不变，

去掉 :

applicationContext.xml
springmvc-servlet.xml
db.properties
web.xml

1、创建AppInitializer类

package com.xx.ssm;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;



public class AppInitializer extends 
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer{
    /**
     * 返回一个带有@Configuration注解的类。
     * 用来创建整个应用程序的全局Spring容器。
     * 也就是等同于创建applicationContext.xml容器
     */
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[] {RootConfig.class};
    }
    /**
     * 返回一个带有@Configuration注解的类。
     * 用来创建SpringMVC（即Web相关）的Spring容器。
     * 也就是等同于创建springmvc-servlet.xml容器
     */
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[] {WebConfig.class};
    }
    //配置SpringMVC前端控制器映射路径
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[] {"/"};
    }
}

2、创建RootConfig类

 package com.xx.ssm;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List; 
import javax.sql.DataSource; 
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
 
@Configuration 
@ComponentScan(basePackages={"com.xx.ssm.service"})//@ComponentScan用于扫描通用组件，这里用来扫描Service组件
@MapperScan(basePackages="com.xx.ssm.mapper")//@MapperScan用于扫描Mapper组件 
public class RootConfig {
    
    @Bean//创建dataSource组件并放入Spring容器
    public DataSource dataSource()  {
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp?characterEncoding=utf-8");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("root");
        return dataSource;
    }  
    
    @Bean//创建SqlSessionFactory组件并放入Spring容器
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean() throws IOException{ 
      SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
      sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
      sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolveMapperLocations());//参数调用下面方法，获取映射文件位置
      sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.xx.ssm.po");//定义实体类别名
      return sqlSessionFactoryBean;
    }    
    //复杂动态sql写在对应的映射文件里会方便，这个方法主要给上面的setMapperLocations()方法提供参数，找到对应映射文件位置用的
    public Resource[] resolveMapperLocations() throws IOException {
        ResourcePatternResolver resourceResolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        List<String> mapperLocations = new ArrayList<String>();
        mapperLocations.add("classpath*:mapper/*.xml"); 
        List<Resource> resources = new ArrayList<Resource>();
        if (mapperLocations != null) {
            for (String mapperLocation : mapperLocations) { 
                    Resource[] mappers = resourceResolver.getResources(mapperLocation);
                    resources.addAll(Arrays.asList(mappers)); 
            }
        }
        return resources.toArray(new Resource[resources.size()]);
    } 
   
    @Bean //创建PlatformTransactionManager组件并放入Spring容器
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
        //dataSource也可以通过参数注入
        return  new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource());
    }
}

3、创建WebConfig类

package com.xx.ssm;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
 
@Configuration 
@EnableWebMvc   //等同于<mvc:annotation-driven/>Controller组件        
@ComponentScan(basePackages={"com.xx.ssm.controller"})
//用于扫描通用组件，这里用来扫描Controller组件
public class WebConfig{ }

---

测试数据

drop TABLE emp;
drop TABLE dept;
drop TABLE salgrade;
create table dept
(
deptno integer(4) not null,
dname varchar(14),
loc varchar(13)
);
alter table dept add constraint pk_dept primary key (deptno);
create table emp
(
empno integer(4) not null,
ename varchar(10),
job varchar(9),
mgr integer(4),
hiredate date,
sal decimal(7,2),
comm decimal(7,2),
deptno integer(2)
);
alter table emp add constraint pk_emp primary key (empno);
alter table emp add constraint fk_deptno foreign key (deptno) references dept (deptno);
create table salgrade
(
grade integer(1),
losal decimal(7,2),
hisal decimal(7,2)
);
insert into DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC) values (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
insert into DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC) values (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
insert into DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC) values (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
insert into DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC) values (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL) values (1, 700, 1200);
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL) values (2, 1201, 1400);
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL) values (3, 1401, 2000);
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL) values (4, 2001, 3000);
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL) values (5, 3001, 9999);
-- 下面要特别注意，%d-%m-%Y 里的 d 和 m 一定要小写
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, STR_TO_DATE('17-12-1980', '%d-%m-%Y'), 800.00, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, STR_TO_DATE('20-02-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 1600.00, 300.00, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, STR_TO_DATE('22-02-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 1250.00, 500.00, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, STR_TO_DATE('02-04-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 2975.00, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, STR_TO_DATE('28-09-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 1250.00, 1400.00, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, STR_TO_DATE('01-05-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 2850.00, null, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, STR_TO_DATE('09-06-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 2450.00, null, 10);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, STR_TO_DATE('19-04-1987', '%d-%m-%Y'), 3000.00, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, STR_TO_DATE('17-11-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 5000.00, null, 10);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, STR_TO_DATE('08-09-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 1500.00, 0.00, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, STR_TO_DATE('23-05-1987', '%d-%m-%Y'), 1100.00, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, STR_TO_DATE('03-12-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 950.00, null, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, STR_TO_DATE('03-12-1981', '%d-%m-%Y'), 3000.00, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, STR_TO_DATE('23-01-1982', '%d-%m-%Y'), 1300.00, null, 10);