详细介绍 MongoDB 角色和权限、创建用户和授权操作

MongoDB之角色与权限及创建用户与授权操作详解

1. 角色与权限

1. 角色分类

角色分类	角色分类中的具体角色
数据库用户角色	read、readWrite
数据库管理角色	dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin
集群管理角色	clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManage
数据库备份、恢复角色	backup、restore
所有数据库角色	readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、dbAdminAnyDatabase
超级用户角色	root
内部角色	__system

2. 权限说明

权限	说明
read	允许用户读取指定数据库
readWrite	允许用户读写指定数据库
dbAdmin	允许用户在指定数据库中执行管理函数，如索引创建、删除、查看统计或访问system.profile
userAdmin	允许用户向system.users集合写入，可以在指定数据库中创建、删除和管理用户
clusterAdmin	必须在admin数据库中定义，赋予用户所有分片和复制集相关函数的管理权限
readAnyDatabase	必须在admin数据库中定义，赋予用户所有数据库的读权限
readWriteAnyDatabase	必须在admin数据库中定义，赋予用户所有数据库的读写权限
userAdminAnyDatabase	必须在admin数据库中定义，赋予用户所有数据库的userAdmin权限
dbAdminAnyDatabase	必须在admin数据库中定义，赋予用户所有数据库的dbAdmin权限
root	必须在admin数据库中定义，超级账号，超级权限

2. MongDB创建用户及删除用户

1. 创建用户

use admin
db.createUser({
	"user":"用户名",
	"pwd":"密码",
	"roles":[
	    # 角色可配多个
		{role:"角色",db:"所属数据库"}
	],
	# 用户信息,可选
	coustomData:{
		name:"jinshengyuan",
		email:"xxx@xx.com"
	}
})
# 创建一个不受访问限制的用户，
db.createUser({
	user:"wei",
    pwd:"wei",
    roles:["root"]
})

2. 查看用户信息

use admin
show users
db.system.users.find()
db.system.users.pretty()
db.runCommand({userInfo:"用户名"})

3. 修改用户密码

use amdin
db.changeUserPassword("用户名","新密码")
# 修改用户密码及用户信息
db.runCommand({updateUser:"用户名",pwd:"新密码",customData:{age:22}})

3. db.runCommand创建用户与授权

可通过db.runCommand命令行来创建/修改用户与授予相关权限的操作

1. 创建用户

use admin
db.runCommand({
    "createUser" : "yuan",
    "pwd" : "yuan",
    "customData" : {

    },
    "roles" : [
        {
            "role" : "__queryableBackup",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "__system",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "backup",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "clusterAdmin",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "clusterManager",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "clusterMonitor",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "dbAdmin",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "dbAdminAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "dbOwner",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "enableSharding",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "hostManager",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "read",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "readAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "readWrite",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "readWriteAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "restore",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "root",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "userAdmin",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        }
    ]
});

2. 更改用户权限

use admin
db.runCommand({
    "updateUser" : "yuan",
    "customData" : {

    },
    "roles" : [
        {
            "role" : "readWrite",
            "db" : "yuan"
        },
        {
            "role" : "__queryableBackup",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "__system",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "backup",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "clusterAdmin",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "clusterManager",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "clusterMonitor",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "dbAdmin",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "dbAdminAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "dbOwner",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "enableSharding",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "hostManager",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "read",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "readAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "readWrite",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "readWriteAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "restore",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "root",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "userAdmin",
            "db" : "admin"
        },
        {
            "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        }
    ]
});