[C++] 二进制查找算法（模板）

重点

只需要记住两点：
1.left = right 时，一定就是最终结果（包括找不到目标值），无需再次判断，如果判断就会死循环
2.求中点如果是求左端点 mid = left + (right - left)/2
如果是求右端点 mid = left + (right - left + 1)/2
简称（右加一）

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> searchRange(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
       
       if(nums.size() == 0) return {-1, -1};
       int left = 0;
       int right = nums.size()-1;
       //寻找左点端
       int begin = 0;
       while(left < right)
       {
        int mid = left + (right - left)/2;
        if(nums[mid] < target) left = mid+1;
        else if(nums[mid] >= target) right = mid;
       }
      if(nums[left] != target) return {-1, -1};
        else begin = left;
       
       //寻找右端点
       left = 0;
       right = nums.size()-1;
       while(left < right)
       {
        int mid = left + (right-left+1)/2;
        if(nums[mid]<=target) left = mid;
        else right = mid-1; 
       }
       return {begin,right};
    }
};