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Swift 中 for in 和 forEach 遍历方法的区别

最编程 2024-03-05 10:24:02
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前言

在swift中,我们经常会用到的两种快速遍历的方法,一种是最常见也是最常用的for ... in ..., 另外一种也是不同于Objective-C的forEach。那么,两者的使用有什么区别呢?今天,让我们来聊一聊swift中遍历方法的那些事。

for in 与 forEach

同类型的泛型集合
  • for in
let array = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
for element in array {
    print(element)
}

打印结果: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • forEach
let array = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
array.forEach { (element) in
    print(element)
}

打印结果: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

在集合的元素类型相同(比如上面的数组是String类型)的情况下,两者遍历效果相同,方便、敏捷,我们可以随意选用。

不同类型元素的集合
  • for in
let array = [1, 2, 3, "cat", "rabbit"] as [Any]            // as [Any]是swift 3的语法要求,因为数组中有两种不同类型的元素,分别是:Int 、String, 所以需要转化成 [Any]类型
for element in array {
    print(element)
}

打印结果:1, 2, 3, cat, rabbit
  • forEach
let array = [1, 2, 3, "cat", "rabbit"] as [Any]
array.forEach { (element) in
    print(element)
}

打印结果:1, 2, 3, cat, rabbit

在集合的元素类型不相同(比如上面的数组是IntString类型)的情况下,两者遍历效果相同,方便、敏捷,我们可以也随意选用。

return关键字
  • for in
let array = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
for element in array {
    if element == "3" {
        return
    }
    print(element)
}
print("Hello World")

打印结果:1, 2
  • forEach
let array = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
array.forEach { (element) in
    if element == "3" {
        return
    }
    print(element)
}
print("Hello World")

打印结果:1, 2, 4, 5, Hello World

在使用return关键字的时候,很明显,for in中是当符合当前执行语句时,程序直接终止到此并返回, 比如上面的元素 "4""5""Hello World" 没有被执行;而forEach中是当符合当前执行语句时,程序跳过本次判断继续执行, 比如上面的元素"4""5""Hello World"被执行。

continue关键字
  • for in
let array = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
for element in array {
    if element == "3" {
        continue
    }
    print("element is \(element)")
}
print("Test \"continue\"")

打印结果:
element is 1
element is 2
element is 4
element is 5
Test "continue"
  • forEach
let array = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
array.forEach { (element) in
    if element == "3" {
        continue
    }
    print(element)
}
print("Test \"continue\"")

错误: 程序根本不能执行
error:continue is only allowed inside a loop

在使用continue关键字的时候,for in可以正常遍历并且执行,而且 continue的作用是跳出本次循环,不影响后面的执行; 而在 forEach中,swift是不允许这样执行的,报错的原因是说 continue只允许出现在循环语句中,也就是说不能使用在 forEachclosure中。

break关键字
  • for in
let array = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
for element in array {
    if element == "3" {
        break
    }
    print("element is \(element)")
}
print("Test \"continue\"")

打印结果:
element is 1
element is 2
Test "continue"
  • forEach
let array = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
array.forEach { (element) in
    if element == "3" {
        break
    }
    print(element)
}
print("Test \"continue\"")

错误:程序根本不能执行
error:Unlabeled 'break' is only allowed inside a loop or switch, a labeled break is required to exit an if or do

break关键字中,对于for in来说是可以的,跳出本层循环,也就是for循环,然后继续执行后面的程序; 对于forEach来说,同continue关键字的效果一样,swift不允许这样使用,原因说的是break只能用于循环语句或switch语句,break会退出本层循环语句。

Apple官方对 forEach 的说明

下面是Apple的官方文档解释,对forEach遍历方法做了个大致的介绍,有兴趣可以看一下

/// Calls the given closure on each element in the sequence in the same order
/// as a `for`-`in` loop.
///
/// The two loops in the following example produce the same output:
///
///     let numberWords = ["one", "two", "three"]
///     for word in numberWords {
///         print(word)
///     }
///     // Prints "one"
///     // Prints "two"
///     // Prints "three"
///
///     numberWords.forEach { word in
///         print(word)
///     }
///     // Same as above
///
/// Using the `forEach` method is distinct from a `for`-`in` loop in two
/// important ways:
///
/// 1. You cannot use a `break` or `continue` statement to exit the current
///    call of the `body` closure or skip subsequent calls.
/// 2. Using the `return` statement in the `body` closure will exit only from
///    the current call to `body`, not from any outer scope, and won't skip
///    subsequent calls.
///
/// - Parameter body: A closure that takes an element of the sequence as a
///   parameter.

</br>
小结:

  • for in 能使用 return、break、continue关键字,forEach不能使用 break、continue关键字
  • for in 和 forEach 在 return关键字 的使用上有着本质的区别
  • 一般情况下,两者都可通用,都方便、敏捷
  • for in 使用范围比 forEach更广

</br>

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