CUMCM→MCM/ICM→NPMCM:国赛(全国大学生、研究生和博士生数学建模竞赛)和美赛--美国数学建模竞赛(二)数学专业词汇详解指南
半线性同构||semi-linear isomorphism
半线性映射||semi-linear mapping
半样本||semi-sample
半隐格式||semi-implicit scheme
半域||semi-field
半圆||semi-circle
半整数权模形式||modular form of half-integer weight
半正规算子||semi-normal operator
半直积||semi-direct product
半准素环||semi-primary ring
半自反局部凸空间||semi-reflexive locally convex space
半鞅||semi-martingale
蚌线||conchoid
胞腔||cell
胞腔逼近||cellular approximation
胞腔复形||cell complex
胞腔空间||cellular space
胞腔剖分||cell decomposition
胞腔上同调群||cell cohomology group
胞腔式映射||cellular mapping
胞腔同调群||cellular homology group
胞腔同伦||cellular homotopy
包含||inclusion, include
包含函子||inclusion functor
包核拓扑||hull kernel topology
包络代数||enveloping algebra
包络功效函数||envelope power function
薄集||thin set
保并同态||join-preserving homomorphism
保测变换||measure-preserving transformation
保单调差分格式||monotonicity preserving difference scheme
保管费||holding cost
保护数位||guarding figure, guarding digit
保积函子||product-preserving functor
保密量||amount of secrecy
保密*||privacy system
保密学||cryptology
保面积映射||area-preserving mapping
保守的||conservative
保守算子||conservative operator
保守微分方程||conservative differential equation
保序函数||order-preserving function
保序映射||order-preserving mapping
保锥算子||cone-preserving operator
饱和类||saturation class
饱和模型||saturated model
报酬函数||reward function
暴露点||exposed point
暴露方向||exposed direction
暴露面||exposed face
暴露射线||exposed ray
鲍尔双迭代[法]||Bauer bi-iteration
鲍威尔法||Powell method
爆炸时||explosion time
背包公钥*||knapsack public key system
贝蒂数||Betti number
贝尔函数||Baire functions
贝尔空间||Baire space
贝尔斯空间||Bers space
贝尔斯托迭代法||Bairstow iteration method
贝尔特拉米方程||Beltrami equation
贝克-坎贝尔-豪斯多夫公式||Baker-Cambell-Hausdorff formula
贝克隆变换||Backlund transformation
贝塞尔不等式||Bessel inequality
贝塞尔积分||Bessel integral
贝塞尔微分方程||Bessel differential equation
贝叶斯分类规则||Bayes classification rule
贝叶斯风险||Bayes risk
贝叶斯公式||Bayes formula
贝叶斯估计||Bayes estimate
贝叶斯决策函数||Bayes decision function
贝叶斯区间估计||Bayes interval estimate
贝叶斯统计||Bayes statistics
贝叶斯序贯决策函数||Bayes sequential decision function
倍角公式||double angle formula
倍立方[问题]||duplication of a cube
倍式||multiple
倍数||multiple
倍图||double graph
备择假设||alternative hypothesis
被逼近函数||approximated function
被乘数||multiplicand
被除数||dividend
被积函数||integrand
被加数||summand
被减数||minuend
被开方数||radicand
本元||urelement
本原多项式||primitive polynomial
本原环||primitive ring
本原理想||primitive ideal
本原幂等元||primitive idempotent element
本原群||primitive group
本原特征[标]||primitive character
本原元||primitive element
本征空间||eigenspace
本征向量||eigenvector
本征向量展开式||eigenvector expansion
本征值||eigenvalue
本征值的指标||index of eigenvalues
本征值问题||eigenvalue problem
本质不振荡||essentially non-oscillatory, ENO
本质单同态||essential monomorphism
本质对策||essential game; 又称“实质性对策”。
本质谱||essential spectrum
本质奇点||essential singular point
本质上确界||essential supremum, ess.sup
本质完全类||essentially complete class
本质严格凸||essentially strictly convex
本质有界[的]||essentially bounded
本质自伴算子||essentially self-adjoint operator
崩溃点||break down point
逼近||approximation
逼近函数||approximating function
逼近阶||degree of approximation
逼近论||approximation theory
逼近式||approximant
逼近误差||approximation error
逼近正则映射||approximating proper mapping
比||ratio
比安基恒等式||Bianchi identities
比伯巴赫猜想||Bieberbach conjecture
比察捷-拉夫连季耶夫方程||Bitsadze-Lavrentiev equation
比估计||ratio estimate
比较定理||comparison theorem
比例-积分-微分控制||proportional-integral-derivative control; 简称“PID控制 (PID control)”。
比例||proportion
比例常数||constant of proportionality
比例控制||proportional control
比例内项||internal terms of proportion
比例外项||extreme terms of proportion
比例中项||mean term of proportion
比率遍历定理||ratio-ergodic theorem
比姆-沃明格式||Beam-Warming scheme
比内公式||Binet formula
比特||bit; 信息度量的单位。
彼得罗夫斯基双曲性||Petrowsky hyperbolicity
彼得松内积||Peterson inner product
彼得松图||Peterson graph
毕达哥拉斯域||Pythagorean field
闭包||closure
闭包有限||closure finite
闭包运算||closure operation
闭测地线||closed geodesic
闭覆盖||closed covering
闭公式||closed formula
闭轨道||closed orbit
闭环控制||closed-loop control
闭环系统||closed-loop system
闭集||closed set
闭集基||closed set basis
闭浸入||closed immersion
闭链||cycle
闭流形||closed manifold
闭路||closed path, loop
闭路空间||loop space, closed path space
闭滤子||closed filter
闭区间||closed interval
闭曲面||closed surface
闭曲线||closed curve
闭算子||closed operator
闭凸函数||closed convex function
闭图象定理||closed graph theorem
闭微分[形]式||closed differential
闭星形||closed star
闭型积分公式||closed integration formula
闭映射||closed mapping
闭域||closed domain
闭子概形||closed subscheme
闭子集的畴数||category of a closed subset
闭子李群||closed Lie subgroup
闭子流形||closed submanifold
闭子群||closed subgroup
必然事件||certain event
必要条件||necessary condition
边||edge, line; side
边传递图||edge-transitive graph
边独立数||edge independent number
边对称||edge symmetry
边覆盖||edge cover
边覆盖数||edge covering number
边界表现||boundary behavior
边界点||frontier point, boundary point
边界对应||boundary correspondence
边界估计||boundary estimate
边界积分法||boundary integral method
边界结点||boundary node
边界控制||boundary control
边界曲线||boundary curve
边界条件转移||transfer of frontier conditions
边界型积分公式||integration formula of boundary type
边界元||boundary element
边界元法||boundary element method
边连通度||edge-connectivity
边色数||edge chromatic number
边图||edge graph
边心距||apothem
边信息||side information
边缘||boundary
边缘分布||marginal distribution
边缘集||border set
边缘链||boundary chain
边缘似然函数||marginal likelihood function
边缘同态||boundary homomorphism
边缘运算||boundary operation
边值条件||boundary value condition
边值问题||boundary value problem
边子图||edge-subgraph
编码[的]数据||coded data
编码||coding
编码定理||coding theorem
编码理论||coding theory
编码器||coder
编码增益||coding gain
扁峰[的]||platykurtic
变长码||variable length code
变尺度[算]法||variable metric algorithm
变度量法||variable metric method
变分||variation
变分不等方程||variational inequation
变分不等式||variational inequality
变分导数||variational derivative
变分法||calculus of variations; 又称“变分学”。
变分方程||variational equation, equation of variation
变分方法||variational method
变分问题||variational problem
变分原理||variational principle
变函数||argument function
变换群||transformation group
变结构控制||variable structure control
变结构控制系统||variable structure control system
变量||variable
变量变换||change of variable
变量分离方程||equation of separated variables
变系数线性偏微分方程||linear partial differential equation with variable coefficients
变形第二类贝塞尔函数||modified Bessel function of the second kind
变形第二类马蒂厄函数||modified Mathieu function of the second kind
变形第三类贝塞尔函数||modified Bessel function of the third kind
变形第三类马蒂厄函数||modified Mathieu function of the third kind
变形第一类贝塞尔函数||modified Bessel function of the first kind
变形第一类马蒂厄函数||modified Mathieu function of the first kind
变形马蒂厄方程||modified Mathieu equation
变形马蒂厄函数||modified Mathieu function
变形牛顿法||modified Newton method
变形欧拉法||modified Euler method
变异系数||coefficient of variation
辨识||identification
辫群||braid group
遍历变换||ergodic transformation
遍历定理||ergodic theorems
遍历过程||ergodic process
遍历理论||ergodic theory
遍历链||ergodic chain
遍历信源||ergodic source
遍历性||ergodicity
遍历性假设||ergodic hypothesis
标号||label
标号图||labeled graph
标架||frame
标架丛||frame bundle
标量||scalar
标量场||scalar field
标量乘法||scalar multiplication
标量化||scalarization
标量矩阵||scalar matrix
标值点过程||marked point process
标准差||standard deviation
标准单形||standard simplex
标准分解||standard resolution
标准分解式||standard factorization
标准高||standard height; 又称“内龙-泰特高(Neron-Tate height)”。
标准过程||standard process
标准恒等式||standard identities
标准误差||standard error
标准元||standard element
标准正态分布||standard normal distribution
表[列]值||tabular value, entry
表的加密||subtabulation
表面密度方法||surface density method
表面增殖因子方法||surface multiplication factor method
表示的等价||equivalence of representations
表示的级||degree of a representation
表示的权||weight of representation
表示的特征[标]||character of a representation
表示的完全性||completeness for representations
表示的限制||restriction of representation
表示的相似||similarity of representations
表示的张量积||tensor product of representations
表示的直和||direct sum of representations
表示函子||representation functor
表示空间||representation space
表示论||representation theory
表示模||representation module
表作业法||Hitchock method
病态||ill-conditioned, ill-conditioning
病态多项式||ill-conditioned polynomial
病态方程||ill-conditioned equation
病态矩阵||ill-conditioned matrix
并||union; join
并半格||join semi-lattice
并表示||join representation
并不可约元||join irreducible element
并无穷分配||join infinite distributive
玻恩-因费尔德方程||Born-Infeld equation
玻耳兹曼[积分微分]方程||Boltzmann [integro-differential] equation
玻尔紧化||Bohr compactification
波[动]方程||wave equation; 又称“达朗贝尔方程 (D'Alembert equation)”。
波利亚计数定理||Polya enumeration theorem
波前集||wave front set
博克斯-米勒抽样方法||Box-Müller sampling technique
博雷尔分层||Borel hierarchy
博雷尔集||Borel set
博雷尔可测函数||Borel measurable function
博雷尔求和[法]||Borel summation [method]
博雷尔子群||Borel subgroup
伯恩赛德问题||Burnside problem
伯恩斯坦多项式||Bernstein polynomial
伯格方程||Burger equation
伯格曼度量||Bergman metric
伯格曼空间||Bergman space
伯格曼算子||Bergman operator
伯克霍夫插值||Birkhoff interpolation
伯努利迭代法||Bernoulli iteration
伯努利多项式||Bernoulli polynomial
伯努利分布||Bernoulli distribution
伯努利分割||Bernoulli partition
伯努利试验||Bernoulli trials
伯努利数||Bernoulli number
伯努利推移||Bernoulli shift
伯努利微分方程||Bernoulli differential equation
泊松方程||Poisson equation
泊松分布||Poisson distribution
泊松公式||Poisson formula
泊松过程||Poisson process
泊松核||Poisson kernel
泊松解||Poisson solution
泊松括号||Poisson bracket
泊松李群||Poisson Lie group
泊松求和公式||Poisson summation formula
泊松随机测度||Poisson stochastic measure
泊松运动||Poisson motion
捕错||error trapping
捕获突发码||burst trapping code
补偿器||compensator
补集||complementary set
补角||supplementary angle
补模数||complementary modulus
补图||complement of a graph
补元||complement of an element
补子模||complementary submodule
不变σ域||invariant σ-field
不变测度||invariant measure
不变测度问题||invariant measure problem
不变多项式||invariant polynomials
不变分布族||invariant family of distributions
不变估计||invariant estimate
不变环面||invariant torus
不变检验||invariant test
不变决策函数||invariant decision function
不变量||invariant
不变流形||invariant manifold
不变平均||invariant mean
不变嵌入||invariant imbedding
不变式||invariant
不变式的权||weight of invariant
不变事件||invariant event
不变随机变量||invariant random variable
不变统计量||invariant statistic
不变因子||invariant divisor
不变原理||invariance principle
不变中心流形||invariant central manifold
不变子空间||invariant subspace
不变子空间问题||invariant subspace problem
不等方程||inequation
不等式||inequality
不等式约束||inequality constraint
不定常||time dependent; 又称“时间相关”。
不定常迭代||non-stationary iteration
不定常方法||time-dependent method; 又称“时间相关法”。
不定度||uncertainty
不定度规空间||indefinite inner product space; 又称“不定内积空间”。
不定二次型||indefinite quadratic form
不定方程||indeterminate equation
不定积分||indefinite integral
不定矩阵||indefinite matrix
不动点||fixed point
不动点定理||fixed point theorem
不动点指数||fixed point index
不放回抽样||sampling without replacement
不尽根||surd root
不可比[的]||incomparable
不可辨元||indiscernible
不可测集||non-measurable set
不可达基数||inaccessible cardinal
不可定向流形||non-orientable manifold
不可定向曲面||non-orientable surface
不可分次数||inseparable degree
不可分解格||indecomposable lattice
不可分解模||indecomposable module
不可分解模表示||indecomposable modular representation
不可分解信道||indecomposable channel
不可分扩张||inseparable extension
不可分态射||inseparable morphism
不可公度的||incommensurable
不可观测子空间||unobservable subspace
不可解性||unsolvability
不可能事件||impossible event
不可微规划||non-differentiable programming
不可微最优化||non-differentiable optimization
不可压缩的||incompressible
不可压缩曲面||incompressible surface
不可约 3-流形||irreducible 3-manifold
不可约表示||irreducible representation
不可约表示的舒尔指数||Schur index of an irreducible representation
不可约多项式||irreducible polynomial
不可约方程||irreducible equation
不可约分数||irreducible fraction; 又称“简分数”。
不可约概形||irreducible scheme
不可约嘉当矩阵||irreducible Cartan matrix
不可约链||irreducible chain
不可约模特征[标]||irreducible modular character
不可约曲线||irreducible curve
不可约特征[标]||irreducible character
不可约映射||irreducible mapping
不可约元||irreducible element
不可证明性||unprovability
不连通集||disconnected set
不连续变换群||discontinuous group of transformations
不连续控制系统||discontinuous control system
不能除尽[的]||indivisible
不平衡运输问题||unbalanced transportation problem
不平衡指派问题||unbalanced assignment problem
不确定决策||decision under uncertainty
不确定性系统||uncertain system
不适定问题||ill-posed problem
不完全Γ函数||incomplete Γ-function
不完全β函数||incomplete β-function
不完全区组设计||incomplete block design
不完整约束||non-holonomic constraint
不相关[的]||uncorrelated
不相关样本||uncorrelated samples
不相交[的]||disjoint
不相容事件||mutually exclusive events, disjoint events
不足道[的]||evanescent
不足道集||evanescent set
不足近似值||lower approximate value; 曾用名“下近似值”。
布尔代数||Boolean algebra
布尔多项式||Boolean polynomial
布尔方程||Boolean equation
布尔方法||Boolean method
布尔格||Boolean lattice
布尔规划||Boolean programming
布尔环||Boolean ring
布尔积||Boolean product
布尔空间||Boolean space
布尔幂||Boolean power
布拉施克乘积||Blaschke product
布朗-麦科伊根||Brown-McCoy radical
布朗片||Brownian sheet
布朗桥||Brownian bridge
布朗运动||Brownian motion
布劳威尔代数||Brauwerian algebra
布吕阿分解||Bruhat decomposition
布洛赫常数||Bloch constant
布洛赫函数||Bloch function
布洛赫空间||Bloch space
布饶尔群||Brauer group
布斯曼方程||Busemann equation
布西内斯克方程||Boussinesq equation
步长||step size, step length, step width
步长指标||step index
部分乘积||partial product
部分等距算子||partially isometric operator
部分分式||partial fraction
部分和||partial sum
部分平衡不完全区组设计||partially balanced incomplete block design; 简称“PBIB 设计”。
部分实施[法]||fractional replication
部分信息||partial information
部分亚椭圆||partially hypoelliptic
部分主元||partial pivot
部分主元消元[法]||partial pivoting
猜想||conjecture
参考输入||reference input
参数||parameter
参数簇||parameter variety
参数估计||parameter estimation
参数规划||parametric programming
参数空间||parameter space
参数模型||parameter model
参数线性规划||parametric linear programming
参数最优化||parameter optimization
残差||residual
残差平方和||residual sum of squares
残差图||residual plot
策略||policy, strategy
策略变量||strategic variable
策略迭代法||policy iteration method
策略改进[迭代]||policy improvement iteration
策略决策||strategied decision
策略空间||policy space
策梅洛-弗兰克尔集合论||Zermelo-Frankel set theory; 简称“Z-F集合论”。
侧面积||lateral area
测地流||geodesic flow
测地曲率||geodesic curvature
测地线||geodesic
测地线环路||geodesic loop
测地坐标||geodesic coordinates
测度||measure
测度卷积||convolution of measures
测度空间||measure space
测度论||measure theory
测度支集||support of measure
测试函数||trial function
层||sheaf; stratum; 将总体分成若干个互不相交的子总体,每个子总体称为层。
层的上同调||cohomology of sheaves
层态射||morphism of sheaves
层同构||isomorphism of sheaves
插值||interpolation; 又称“内插”。
插值逼近||approximation by interpolation
插值多项式||interpolation polynomial
插值方法||interpolation method
插值公式||interpolation formula
插值函数||interpolating function
插值节点||interpolation knot, interpolation node; 又称“插值结点”。
插值空间||interpolation space
插值偶||interpolation couple
插值条件||interpolation condition
插值性质||interpolation property
插值余项||remainder of interpolation
插值约束逼近||approximation with interpolating constraints
叉同态||crossed homomorphism
差||difference
差错保护||error protection
差错传播||error propagation
差错方程||error equation
差错检测码||error detection code
差错空间||error space
差错控制||error control
差错率||error rate
差错向量||error vector
差错校验||error check
差错校正||error correction; 又称“纠错”。
差错序列||error sequence
差代数||difference algebra
差分逼近||difference approximation
差分表||difference table
差分法||difference method
差分方程||difference equation
差分格式||difference scheme
差分矫正||difference correction
差分蒙特卡罗方法||difference Monte Carlo method
差分算子||difference operator
差分微分方程||difference differential equation
差分演算||calculus of finite differences; 又称“有限差演算”。
差积||different
差集||difference set
差商||difference quotient, difference coefficient
差异上链||difference cochain
差异显著性检验||test of the significance of difference
产方风险||producer risk
场||field
场论||theory of fields
尝试法||trial and error procedure
常表示||ordinary representation
常差分方程||ordinary difference equation
常返链||recurrent chain
常返状态||recurrent state
常分布||ordinary distribution
常和对策||constant-sum game
常量域||constant field
常曲率空间||space of constant curvature
常数||constant
常数变易法||method of variation of constant
常数层||constant sheaf
常数函子||constant functor, diagonal functor
常数秩模||module of constant rank
常微分方程||ordinary differential equation
常微分方程数值解||numerical solution of ordinary differential equations
常系数线性偏微分方程||linear partial differential equation with constant coefficients
常项||constant
常用对数||common logarithm
长除法||long division
长度||length
长短辐圆内摆线||hypotrochoid
长短辐圆外摆线||epitrochoid
长方体||rectangular parallelopiped
长正合上同调[序]列||long exact cohomology sequence
长正合同调[序]列||long exact homology sequence
长轴||major axis
超单纯||hypersimple
超调和函数||hyperharmonic function
超定组||overdetermined system
超渡||transgression
超广义函数||ultradistribution
超函数||hyperfunction
超积||ultraproduct
超几何分布||hypergeometric distribution
超几何函数||hypergeometric function
超几何级数||hypergeometric series; 又称“高斯级数 (Gauss series)”。
超几何微分方程||hypergeometric differential equation; 又称“高斯微分方程 (Gauss differential equation)”。
超记忆梯度法||supermemory gradient method
超加密||superencipher
超均函数||superaveraging function
超可解群||supersolvable group
超滤子||ultrafilter
超幂||ultrapower
超抛物[型]方程||ultraparabolic equation
超平面束||pencil of hyperplanes
超平面坐标||hyperplane coordinates
超平行体||parallelotope
超奇椭圆曲线||supersingular elliptic curve
超奇约化||supersingular reduction
超前基本解||advanced fundamental solution
超前位势||advanced potential; 又称“前进位势”。
超切向量||hypertangent
超穷归纳定义||definition by transfinite induction
超穷归纳法||transfinite induction
超穷基数||transfinite cardinal number
超穷序数||transfinite ordinal
超球||hypersphere
超球函数||hyperspherical function
超球微分方程||hyperspherical differential equation
超曲面||hypersurface
超收敛||overconvergence; 指某迭代法或逼近过程在特殊场合其收敛速率超过正常速率。
超双曲[型]方程||ultrahyperbolic equation
超松弛||overrelaxation
超算术||hyperarithmetic
超图||hypergraph
超椭圆函数域||hyperelliptic function field
超椭圆积分||hyperelliptic integral
超椭圆曲线||hyperelliptic curve
超稳定性||hyperstability
超限直径||transfinite diameter
超线性收敛||superlinear convergence
超线性收敛速率||superlinear convergence rate
超有界型空间||ultrabornologic space
超有效估计||superefficient estimate
超越次数||degree of transcendence
超越的||transcendental
超越方程||transcendental equation
超越基||transcendental basis
超越扩张||transcendental extension
超越数||transcendental number
超越数论||transcendental number theory
超越亚纯函数||transcendental meromorphic function
超越元||transcendental element
超越整函数||transcendental entire function
超跃变||hyperjump
超自反巴拿赫空间||super234lexive Banach space; edit
超总体||superpopulation
陈[省身]类||Chern class
陈[省身]数||Chern number
陈特征[标]||Chern character; 全称“陈省身特征标”。
成批到达||batch arrival; 又称“大量到达(bulk arrival)”。
成批服务||batch service; 又称“大量服务 (bulk service)”。
成批更换策略||block replacement policy
成批排队||bulk queue
乘||multiply
乘抽样方法||multiplicative sampling technique
乘法||multiplication
乘法交换律||commutative law of multiplication
乘法结合律||associative law of multiplication
乘法群||multiplicative group
乘法消去律||cancellation law for multiplication
乘积型积分公式||integration formula of product form
乘积展开式||product expansion
乘加抽样方法||multiplicative-additional sampling technique
乘数||multiplicator
乘数词头||prefix multiplier
乘同余方法||multiplicative congruential method
乘性[的]||multiplicative
乘性二次型||multiplicative quadratic form
乘性函数||multiplicative function
乘性数论||multiplicative number theory
乘性同余||multiplicative congruence
乘性线性泛函||multiplicative linear functional
乘性序列||multiplicative sequence
乘性约化||multiplicative reduction
乘性子集||multiplicative subset
承载单形||carrier simplex
迟延更新过程||delayed renewal process
尺度参数||scale parameter
尺规作图法||construction with ruler and compasses, geometric construction
斥性不动点||repulsive fix-point
充分大的 3-流形||sufficiently large 3-manifold
充分条件||sufficient condition
充分统计量||sufficient statistic
充要条件||necessary and sufficient condition
冲击函数||bump function
冲激函数||impulse function; 曾用名“脉冲函数”。
冲激响应||impulse response; 曾用名“脉冲响应”。
抽检||sampling inspection
抽检特性曲线||operating characteristic curve
抽奖||lottery
抽象[化]||abstraction
抽象簇||abstract variety
抽象单形||abstract simplex
抽象调和分析||abstract harmonic analysis
抽象非奇曲线||abstract non-singular curve
抽象复形||abstract complex
抽象根系||abstract root system
抽象黎曼面||abstract Riemann surface
抽象码||abstract code
抽象模型论||abstract model theory
抽象维纳空间||abstract Wiener space
抽样||sampling
抽样比||sampling fraction
抽样单元||sampling unit
抽样调查||sampling survey
抽样框||sampling frame
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